The Matthew S. Turner Triangle

“It was time, I thought, for someone to stand up for what’s right; and it might as well be me.” Ivan Allen Jr. wrote these words in a journal just days after the Atlanta mayoral election of 1961. Allen Jr. made the decision early on in his political career to base his choice-making not on the polls, but on his own moral values. He possessed a certain quiet strength that made him an admirable character in the political scene. His fortitude of character and bravery enabled him to become one of the most impactful mayors in our nation’s history.

By the 1920’s the amount of African Americans in New York City had more than doubled. Meanwhile the roadways and subway system had just begun to reach Harlem, where some of the most influential Blacks had situated themselves. Soon after, Harlem became known as “The Black Mecca” and also as “The Capital of Black America”.

Through the generosity of Cleveland families, including the Gund Family, have generously donated money for the betterment of the city. Foundations work together to support institutions to make Cleveland a more vibrant and lively city; they give money to the art and cultural of the city but also the school and hospitals. The Families and Foundations don’t give money to the city because they have to, they give money because they believed that the City of Cleveland is a part of their universe of obligations. The citizens in Cleveland are responsible for one another and with that mentality we work together towards the improvement of the city we live

People all around have paid notice; Marcus Hiles has had any sort of impact for the city of Houston by building a few private units in a rate of the best regions around the city. A large number of inhabitants can now occupy peace knowing there is an unrivaled decision accessible that offers more regard at a much lower

Problem Identification: As African American moved to Prince George’s County to be part of a phenomenon that has been rare in American history: a community that grew more upscale as it became more black. “The county became a national symbol of the American Dream with a black twist” (Michael, 2015). However, their dreams were shattered.

After WW II, Chicago’s Housing Authorities chose to construct more public housing options for its Chicago residents. The Public Housing Administration highly advised against building high-rises for Chicago families. However, money was very limited for this project which soon became a huge factor in the while planning and constructing new public housing. Despite Daley’s attempt to build the Taylor homes as a low-rise project, construction began on the high-rises in 1960, which would later become the longest housing project in the world. Some speculate that low-high rises would have been built adorably, if the land on the outskirts of the city had been made available. However, a white alderman opposed the idea of having blacks occupy houses in the same wards as them. During construction it was estimated that that average family contained roughly six people. But, realistically that was an inaccurate estimate, as extended families often lived in these apartments. Overtime, the housing projects became horrific and overcrowded with problem tenants. “One resident complained in 1965: The World looks on all of us project rats, living on a reservation like untouchables (Pacyga, Chicago, 334).” In addition to the housing problems, citizens accused Daley of purposely segregating the housing projects from the rest of Chicago (Daley:  The Last Boss). Citizens claim that the Dan Ryan Expressway route was shifted to reinforce the border between Daley's native Bridgeport and the Black Belt to the east (Encyclopedia, Chicago). Shortly after Martin Luther King’s death, looting and rioting swept through Chicago Black west side. Mayor Daley, issued an order that was broadcast: “shoot to kill any arsonist … with a Molotov cocktail in his hand." This did not settle well with the Chicago community and especially the Africa-American people. Daley is often remembered as one of Chicago’ most powerful

Blatstein focus of Northern Liberties, is a neighborhood full of “crooked and meandering streets” that contain the eventual “drug-related homicide.” Where some people think “Uh, I just don’t see it”, Blatstein is the guy to see it. His first project was “Liberties Walk, a 1,200 bed housing facility for Temple Students combined with retail and theater complex.” This job created “slow growth for one of Philadelphia’s most impoverished neighborhoods” and the creation of Blatstein eventual masterpiece, the Piazza. The Piazza is Northern Liberties “public identity” and “one of the finest additions to Philadelphia in decades.” Blateins strength in innovation has allowed for Northern Liberties to be rescued and the opportunity to modernize while also maintaining its traditional Philadelphia

The Arch gave St. Louis a name. The building of the arch wowed the world and gave stl a name. Stl became unique and not like any other city anymore. “ A person approaching it by car or plane cannot help but marvel at its size and elegance.” Because of the Arch’s massive size

Before getting into the background of what makes New York City the “Supreme” city it is considered today, it is imperative for all to understand the hardships faced by those who attempted to make a difference. Individuals ventured through the sacred gates with only promise of wealth and happiness to feed the ambition in their souls. Soon thereafter, Tammany was formed, to provide protection and bind the people of each borough. Being part of Tammany created a unified and compact community, which was what strengthened each neighborhood. Jimmy Walker, the Mayor of New York City between 1926 and 1932, grew up in a Tammany neighborhood. Understanding the struggles encountered by people in his community, caused

In the essay “Black Men and Public Space” the author writes about his experience as a black male growing up in the mid-20th century. Brent Staples was born in 1951, in Chester, Pennsylvania. His father, Melvin Staples, was a truck driver; and his mother Geneva, a homemaker. The oldest of nine children, Staples grew up in Chester, but due to his dad becoming an alcoholic and having financial problems, they moved seven times before he finishing junior high school. Brent was born a year before Brown vs. Board of Education started. Thurgood Marshall the founder of NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, and was the lawyer for Brown v. Board of Education, which held that racial segregation in public education is a violation of the Equal

In 1893 Fredrick Jackson Turner presented the “frontier thesis”. The thesis stated emphasized the idea that manifest destiny played a significant role in creating the “American” society. The creation of the American society accomplished first through the frontier line which led to the creation of American democracy and many other elements including sectionalism.

The work of developers reconstructs the buildings and the historical culture of the city, allowing newcomers to forget what Washington, D.C. once was. A culturally coined, popular seafood restaurant, Fish in the ’Hood was forced to change its name to “Fish in the Neighborhood” to “survive,” as quoted by Bill White, owner of the establishment. Whereas in the U Street area gentrifiers are embracing and commoditizing the black history, while displacing the minorities all in one fell swoop. The African-Americans and Latinos who manage to remain in these areas are faced with cultural alienation. They feel as though the newcomers want them gone and their history is the only weapon they have in the battle of money and power with

Turner states in the first chapter that “The existence of an area of free land, its continuous recession, and the advance of American settlement westward explain American development. When America decided to colonize west its isolation led to the need of communication,legislation and transportation. As America developed it started to move away from the influence of Europe. He points out that west of America is one of the most important features of shaping America. The frontier lands also gave a way for the government to provide economic benefits without raising taxes.Fredrick Jackson Turner changed the way Historians were thinking about the United States by arguing that the Frontier had a major impact on the way America was shaped . He

In the early twentieth century, East Liberty was a flourishing business district with affordable housing for its residents. Decades later, this neighborhood’s prosperity declined as residents began fleeing to other areas and businesses were forced to shut down. This left East Liberty in diminished conditions, like the conditions depicted in John Edgar Wideman’s story of Homewood in Our Time. Urban renewal efforts were quickly adopted for East Liberty, but these efforts failed. Today, the area is in a state of continuous revitalization, which is beneficial for the economy and some citizens, but African Americans don’t always benefit from these changes. Chris Ivy explores this division in his documentary Easy of Liberty. Failed urban renewal efforts of the sixties and continuing gentrification have transformed East Liberty’s booming business district into a racially divided neighborhood.

The park’s story is worth retelling: The bisecting of the Barrio Logan community by I-5 and the Coronado Bridge, ending in a concrete “roof” supported by large gray pillars, replaced at least 1,500 families. With a society of 20,000 in its heyday in the 1940s, the historic neighborhood was rezoned as industrial in the 1950s, ushering in junkyards, auto-wrecking operations, plating and chemical companies, and now, a legacy of environmental and air condition issues.