According to Nature" T he obstacle of figuring out the nature and instinctual behavior of humans has been toppled by many philosophical writers. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Niccolo Machiavelli, in the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality and The Prince, subsequently, talks about this subject. In the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, Rousseau talks about the natural human state and is transition to its current civilized state. In The Prince, Machiavelli talks about the nature of humans already…

A philosopher is a person who studies ideas about knowledge, truth, and the nature and meaning of life (Merriam-Webster). I would consider Socrates to be a professional philosopher because he invested his lifetime in gaining an expertise in philosophy, and also because of the impact he had on philosophy. He is, after all, known as the father of philosophy. Sophists are teachers of public speaking and forensic debating. Sophists used their skill to outwit and out-argue the rest and became aware…

The Oxford Dictionary defines human nature as, “The general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans” (Human Nature). Throughout various great literary works, human nature is portrayed in many positive and negative ways. As humans, we have evolved to rely on one another; no man is an island, and one’s actions affect society around him/her in one way or another. Human nature is seen today as either altruistic or egotistical, depending…

focuses on humans; however, nonhuman beings are everywhere in society and therefore, play an important and impactful role and continue to have a profound influence on shaping civilization. Animals, domesticated animals in particular, have not received proper credit for all they have done in shaping, developing and organizing society. As well as having an effect on the evolution and development of society, nonhuman animals undoubtably also have a significant effect on the way in which human beings interact…

Humans by comparing themselves to nature around them, they can detect their natural connection to the animal world with which they share most of their vital functions. They also have realized that they are unique and emerging over the rest of the natural world. Human beings are the subject of a specific phenomenology which belongs to them only, and whose origin raises critical questions when considered in the context of their habitat, of the Earth, and in the larger sense of things; the universe…

On the Subject of Being Human Anything on this earth that falls under the scientific classification of homo sapiens is a human being. From the time of introduction to this earth to present day, we as a species have advanced socially, physically, cognitively, and technologically. With the introduction of religion and philosophical movements we’ve pondered our existence as human beings and emphasized our superiority over other beings, and other human beings. Humans distinguish themselves from other…

Can contractarianism recognise animal rights? There has often been discussion about the nature of justice concerning nonhuman animals, which I will now refer to as animals. The discussion often considers whether humans owe animals justice rather than mere morality, or if humans only owe animals compassion and humanity. This discussion from the contractarian position can be examined through John Rawls’ ‘Justice as Fairness’, his theory…

The physics, meaning “lectures on nature” written by Aristotle was a base towards Western science and philosophy genre books. His passion towards the topic of nature had led him to become more curious on general issues such as motion, causation, place and time. In Physics II.3 Aristotle’s provides a general understanding of the four causes, these four causes seem to apply to everything that would require an explanation. He first introduces his theory of the four causes in Book II, Chapter 3 where…

The Indefatigable Nature of Human Nature Since the beginning of time, humans have evolved with the purpose of possessing more favorable attributes. Humans acquired certain instincts and physical characteristics to ensure the long-term survival of both individuals and communities. Thousands of years ago, mothers learned to unconditionally love their children, young couples began to join themselves through marriage as a symbol of commitment, and people of all kinds were impelled to depend on a religious…

about the nature of human beings and their relation to the community. In contrast to moral relativism Adam Smith argued that it is in human nature that they are interested in the fortunes of other people. Smith moral philosophy suggest that people are social actors and their satisfaction as individuals depends on other happiness, moreover he claims that people are design in this way by nature. This definition of human nature is a clear contrast to Hobbesian moral relativism that human by nature is evidently…