The Mechanisms Of Cyanobacterial Z Pathway Photolysis With Those Of Aerobic Lithotrophy

Photosynthesis and cell respiration are some of the two most important biological processes that organisms go through. Photosynthesis is the biological process plants undergo to convert light energy into chemical energy. In chloroplasts the chlorophyll act as catalysts for this process. The process uses carbon dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O) in order to produce glucose (C6H1206) and oxygen (02). Thus, it is read as 6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2. Photosynthesis is split into two different processes. The first process is light Dependent meaning i uses energy being absorbed to break down and molecules at a rapid photosynthetic rate. The second process is Light Independent meaning it uses ATP and NADH absorbed during when light was present to breakdown glucose instead. Therefore, Healthy plants are green because Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light, but reflects green light signifying stored light.Some Anaerobic bacteria undergo photosynthesis meaning it can’t grow in oxygen and uses Carbon Dioxide and other substances like hydrogen sulfide to photosynthesis. In general all plants need Carbon Dioxide. (Ensminger, 2014)

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the main pathways of energy transportation in organisms. However, the reactants and the products are exact opposites in photosynthesis and in cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis is the process in which plants consumed inorganic materials like solar light, carbon dioxide and water and converted it to an organic molecule like sugar and an inorganic gas like oxygen. Light is one of the major elements influencing the rate of photosynthesis; direct light concentration affects the noncyclic pathway (light

In photosynthesis H+ ions are vital in the production of the energy source that is ATP, which is used in several metabolic processes, such as respiration. The photolysis of water produces H+ ions, electrons and O2. The excited electrons lose energy as they move along the electron transport chain, this energy is used to transport the H+ ions (protons) in to the thylakoid, which causes a higher concentration of H+ than there is in the stroma, thus causing a proton gradient across the membrane. The H+ then proceed to move down the concentration gradient into the stroma via the enzyme ATP synthase. The energy from this process is called chemiosmosis and combines ADP with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to form ATP. Light energy is then absorbed by photosystem I (PS I) which excites the electrons to a higher energy level. These electrons are transferred to NADP with H+ ions from the stroma to form reduced NADP. The whole of this process is

The process of photosynthesis, by which light energy is used to convert inorganic compounds into organic substances with the release of oxygen, may be the most important biological event sustaining life (Keir et al. 2017). In the light-dependent reactions, the chloroplasts of a plant use the pigment chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy. This energy is used to split water and produce oxygen (Eller et al. 2015). The energy is later used in the light independent reactions, where carbon dioxide (CO2) undergoes carbon fixation with the aid of enzyme rubisco, because it catalyses both carboxylation and oxygenation reactions and most of responses of photosynthesis to light, CO2, and temperature (John Evans 2013).

“Photosynthesis is a biochemical process for building carbohydrates using energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide taken from the air”, (Morris, J. (2016) Biology How Life Works. New York, NY.). It is a system that uses plants and specific algae to synthesize molecules from both water and carbon dioxide. The oxygen we breathe and the food we eat is fueled by photosynthesis because it is an energy source. Photosynthesis occurs in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and some examples are humans, trees, and plants. Biological systems use photosynthesis as an energy source. Where there is a source of sunlight, there is a chance

In light reactions, light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane and energizes the electrons. ATP is created from ADP and P. NADP accepts electrons and turns in to NADPH, which is energy. Once the light reactions have taken place, the light-independent, or ‘dark’ reaction occurs in the stroma, where CO2 is converted to sugar. The

Some of the things that will be discussed are how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in order to provide you with energy from the food we eat. The absence of oxygen some cells and organisms can use glycolysis coupled to fermentation to produce energy to your cells. Cells use enzymes as biological catalysts to increase or accelerate the rate of reactions.

Hello, my name is Audrey and welcome to my presentation on the chemistry of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

The light-dependent reactions produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy and NADHP. The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid.

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are the two most salient cycles that recreate and sustain the energy and life in our biosphere. Though interdependent, and similar in many ways, the two systems possess contradicting aspects as well. For instance, cellular respiration is a catabolic reaction. It breaks apart glucose to make carbon dioxide and water, and in doing so, transforms the energy of glucose into ATP. Thus, the primary source of energy for cellular respiration is glucose. This reaction contradicts with photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is an anabolic reaction that relies on carbon dioxide and water to form glucose and other byproducts. It also uses sunlight as a means of its most prominent energy source.

Absorption spectra of chlorophyll RQ- How does different wavelengths of light affect the rate of photosynthesis? Background information - Photosynthesis is an enzyme controlled process where autotrophs convert light energy to chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the form of organic compounds i.e. carbohydrates. Carbon dioxide + water + light energy → carbohydrate + oxygen Photosynthesis is performed differently in different organisms, however the initial stage is always the same that is, and energy from light is absorbed from proteins called reaction centres, which contain green chlorophyll pigments, which are present inside chloroplasts. It is this organelle which allows this process to occur in certain organisms.

Cellular respiration is a procedure that most living life forms experience to make and get chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The energy is synthesized in three separate phases of cellular respiration: glycolysis, citrus extract cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are both anaerobic pathways because they do not bother with oxygen to form energy. The electron transport chain however, is aerobic due to its use of oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is the procedure in which ATP particles are created with the help of oxygen atoms (Campbell, 2009, p. 93). During which, organic food molecules are oxidized to synthesize ATP used to drive the metabolic reactions necessary to maintain the organism’s physical integrity and to support all its activities (Campbell, 2009, pp. 102-103).

Without photosynthesis we would not be able to receive energy. We should be more appreciate of plants, without them we would not survive. This paper will explain the basic components require for photosynthesis, the role of chlorophyll, how energy is transferred, and photosystems I and II and the most precious product results of photosynthesis.

     To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates such as sugars.