The Meewasin River Trails

When we think of prehistoric things they may think of things of the past, but with the breakthrough unearthing of the Kennewick Man transformed peoples thought of prehistoric existences. The Kennewick Man or “The Ancient Man” is the name given to the skeletal remains of a man found in Kennewick, Washington on July 28,1996. A pair of bystanders accidentally found the skeleton remains of the Kennewick Man. With the discovery it has brought up many disagreements about what to do with the Kennewick man. The question now is who is really responsible for the remains of the Kennewick Man.

The Enlightened Archaeologist – an article authored by Jeffrey Hantman and Gary Dunham chronicles Thomas Jefferson’s investigation of the Indian burial mound located on the South Fork of the Rivanna River in the 18th century. The site excavated by Jefferson, however, is no longer visible, most likely due to dissipation by inevitable natural occurrences (I.E. excessive rainfall, flooding rivers, etc.) or human activity such as farming. The “Father of American Archaeology” correctly predicts the latter in his book, Notes on the State of Virginia, in which he states, mounds “…put under cultivation are much reduced in their height, and spread in width, by the plough, and will probably disappear in time” (1787). Fortunately for Archaeologists of the late 20th century (1988) an Indian burial mound identical to that of the one Jefferson described in his book was uncovered just 14 miles from the South Fork of the Rivanna River.

Death by Theory, written by Adrian Praetzellis, is an engaging and informational book written in a novelistic way that engages the reader to think critically about archaeology. Compared to other forms of informational text about archaeology, Death by Theory teaches archaeological theory by telling a story that incorporates the different theories of archaeology in a realistic setting. While standard textbooks about the theory of archaeology can come off a bit dry, Death by Theory skips the standard definitions and applies this in a way that aids the reader in understanding how these theories and terms can be applied in an actual archaeological setting. This text illustrates the adventure of plucky archaeologist Dr. Hannah Green and her nephew Sean Doyle as they seek to explain an unusual archaeological site while dealing with real life archaeological struggles. The protagonists deal with an egotistical colleague of Dr. Green who sought her out as a consult on a particularly strange archaeological case. All the while dealing with cults, the media, and incompatible data.

Heather Pringle, the author of “Vikings and Native American” raises on the topic is “Where did this spun yarn come from?”. The spun yarn are pieces of cordage that came from a settlement at Baffin Island. Experts say that the yarn was made by Norse women. Another question is “Did the spun yarn represent a missing clue to New World history?”. The author did not give an exact answer to this question, but she says how the yarn worked as trade to reach the New World.

The author Joy McCorriston, was a student at the Institute of Archaeology in London and found out about the chance to visit the Lascaux cave from a radio show contest. Although she didn’t “win” she was lucky enough to join the tour. She listens to stories from Monsieur Jaceues Marshal, a discoverer of the cave and the cave’s guard as she gets to tour the cave. Lascaux Cave’s discovery had come about because four local boys found a hiding place to tease and abandon an outsider, a Jewish boy sent south to flee Occupation in the north. (An alternative story of a lost dog negated the real and non-politically correct truth of the cave’s discovery).

This essay will aim to cover several archaeology techniques and methodologies that would have been used during excavation of archeological sites, in particular the New Kinord site. These methods will provide an insight into a wide range of information that I am interested in discovering. These include what the inhabitants of the site did for a living, their diet and how the term of occupation can be determined.

First explored in 1938, the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo-Jump site in south-west Alberta, Canada is an archaeological goldmine. Named after a child who was watching the event unfold that was hit with a falling buffalo, HSIBJ site tells a gruesome story. As one of the oldest and most preserved kill sites in the world, HSIBJ is scientifically and anthropologically significant. For six thousand years, this site was used by “Plains People” as a hunting ground, herding multiple buffalo off of a cliff to their deaths, as a means of survival. The magnitude of the HSIBJ site helps shed light on the hunting patterns of other groups that are still in the area today.

If you are looking for an outdoor get away in Northern California, a great place to visit is Redding. This small community is located just three hours North of Sacramento.

"This is an Indiana Jones moment, this is huge," said Ron Williamson, an archaeologist who led big efforts during the excavation of Mantle Site. "It just seems to be a game-changer in every way."[ Curse of the Axe. Documentary. Directed by Robbin Bicknell, Published on Nov 24, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOLT6ElK6AE.] Former historians often demonstrate the pre-contact aboriginal groups as a “closed society”[ Heidenreich, Handbook of North American Indians, 384.], but a new research reveals that 500 years ago, at a time when Europeans were just beginning to visit the New World, a settlement on the north shore of Lake Ontario, was the biggest, most complex, cosmopolitan place in the region.

This no longer is an issue 21st century due to Wildlife Protection Acts, however, they are greatly affected within their riparian communities for cases of removal or being driven out by anthropogenic actions . When it comes to individual ecology, knowledge on beavers habitat selections, food availability (vegetation choices), and overall population size within home ranges would help progress more management plans throughout North America. I think it is important to take a single-species approach and focus on home range, aiming to understand and identify levels of habitat selection. It is important more individuals are provided information on this species because it is typically landowners who result in using the wrong incentives in managing wildlife. Many trophic levels within the ponds and streams are greatly impacted by beavers, and many are unaware of the positive hydrological effects such as filtration and sediment buildup that is provided by these dams. After creating a trophic web with my group, it is a clear visual on species that beavers help prosper within the ecosystem such as varieties of non-migratory fish, invertebrates, amphibians, and sea otters within streams and ponds. Beavers contribute to bottom regulation, and only affect positively in making trophic levels higher up simpler by creating the

Desert’s were good places to find archaeological remains because there are a few plants to cover them up, and winds blow away the topsoil. Some of the things you can find are Flint

Beavers construct dams in order to restrict the flow of moving water, creates a difference in water depth, which aid in building their lodges.1 Figure 1 and 2 illustrates this function clearly. A clear difference in water level is clearly evident, with the right side having approximately 1ft to 1.5ft water and the left side having approximately 0.25ft to 0.50ft of

I have selected to go on the Toa Payoh Heritage Trail because it is one of the most popular heritage trail as I noticed that is has the most number of “likes” as compared to the other trails launched by National Heritage Board. Before I went for the trail, I downloaded the Toa Payoh Heritage Trail e-booklet found on the website. The booklet was very useful as it was very informative. It provided me many information about Toa Payoh as well as the sites in the trail. It helps me to understand Toa Payoh and the sites and its history better as I do not live in that area and by far, I have only gone to Toa Payoh once when I was very little. Hence, I was not familiar with Toa Payoh at all. According to the e-booklet, it is said that Toa Payoh is

This narrative is an authentic retelling of an experience I had about six years ago when my friend and I ventured out into the bush in the outskirts of Mudgee to an Aboriginal landmark in the area called “The Drip”. An ancient sandstone escarpment. beside the Goulburn river with handprints throughout, tourists only have easy access to the gorge one side.

Bryson’s main argument throughout the novel is that Americans yearn for the days of old, represented through the Appalachian Trail, and one way he proves this is with his personal encounters on the Appalachian Trail itself. For a trail as long and arduous as the Appalachian Trail, it would be assumed that only serious and dedicated hikers would even consider hiking the trip. However, as Bryson demonstrates, this is not the case. Often times, ordinary American citizens who may have never even hiked before decide to hike the trail. For this, it is not necessary to look any further than the author and his partner Katz. Neither of them is particularly fit and it Katz’s case, well prepared mentally. Bryson even admits this when he states that he “...was hopelessly out of shape...” (Bryson 35) proving they were not avid hikers. Throughout their hike, they also ran into a plethora of average citizens, and is one case they “...found a Boy Scout troop…” (Bryson 147) that been hiking the woods. One day, after running into a crowded shelter, Bryson noted that it was spring break at nearby colleges and “...scores of young people all had the idea to come hiking...” (Bryson 99). In all these cases, none of the people hiking on the trail are actually athletic avid hikers, rather they are standard average citizens. Why would average citizens decide to hike the Appalachian Trail? Bryson believes that the reason for this is for people wanting to experience the beauty and simplicity of being