The Messina Earthquake of 1908 Essay

but the tide soon returned with the weight of an immense [flood] which was severely felt on the coasts of Sicily, Greece, and Egypt” (Doc. F)This means that after the earthquake had hit and left the Romans in despair, they were attacked by a large wave coming at about five hundred miles per hour. This also means that anyone who had survived the earthquake was likely to have been killed in the tsunami by drowning or being hit by something that was dragged along with the water. This is significant because the water went in the ocean for miles, letting the people walk where the water would be over your head without any water getting you wet , and then the water went and took over all of the Roman cities up to about sixty feet hight, destroyed homes, and killed fifty thousand people in just Alexandrea, one of Rome’s cities. This is also significant because the Romans had to start all over to rebuild their cities and make people want to stay. Rebuilding the Roman cities would be challenging because it would be hard to protect the cities from being attacked, start growing crops, build new homes, and making sure that the Roman citizens would be prepared if tsunami or earthquake were to hit

On October 15th an earthquake killed nearly 90 people. In the Philippines killed nearly 200 and displacing tens of thousands of dollars. The quake wrecked about more than 45,000 homes. These earthquakes have affected many people, damaging homes and even lives and causes millions of dollars for repairs. The quake, the strongest to hit the disaster-prone country in recent years, struck Bohol on October 15th. Felt across several neighbouring provinces, more than 2,500 aftershock have rippled through the region since.(Documents

One of the most significant earthquakes to hit the San Fernando Valley in the past was the 1971 San Fernando/ Sylmar earthquake. On February 9, 1971 at about 6 o’clock the cities of San Fernando and Sylmar experienced an earthquake that ruptured along the Sierra Madre Fault Zone (Oakeshott, Gordon B). The epicenter of this earthquake was reported to be in the San Gabriel Valley Mountains above the valley. The citizens of both cities felt tremendous shaking. The magnitude of the earthquake was measured as a 6.6 on the Richter scale and the shaking had the intensity of a level 11 (extreme) on the Modified Mercalli system (U.S. Geological Survey). The shaking of this 6.6 magnitude earthquake lasted about 12 seconds with a very strong ground motion. The source of this faulting was located about five miles to the north of the San Fernando valley. The surface faulting of this earthquake was reported to be seen along the surface of the San Fernando fault zone from a point south of Sylmar, the faulting stretched 6 miles more as far as east to the little Tujunga Canyon, also more surface faulting was reported more east as well. In total the maximum surface rupture was 12 miles and the amount of slip was about 6 feet (U.S. Geological Survey). The type of fault scientist label this earthquake to be was an oblique-slip or also known as a thrust. The depth of this earthquake was 13km (8.1 mi) and the peak acceleration was when it reached the Pacoima dam having the speed of 1.25g (U.S.

Arch C. Johnston and Eugene S. Schweig researched the New Madrid seismic activities of 1811-1812 and concluded that: The first earthquake was likely caused by slippage along a fault within the Blytheville arch and along the Bootheel fault. The length of the two reactivated fault segments was around 140 kilometers (deBoer & Sanders, n.d., p. 117-119). Johnston and Schweig believe the second earthquake was likely due to the breakup of the New Madrid fault that runs northeast to southwest, close to New Madrid. The slippage was estimated to be about 8 meters (deBoer & Sanders, n.d., p. 117-119) They believe the third earthquake was likely due to the rupturing of the Reelfoot fault, where the slippage was as much as 10 meters (deBoer & Sanders,

“I felt very at home in California, but the place is prone to earthquakes, and the one in 1944 scared the life out of me. For months afterwards, I felt that every time I sat down, I should have to put on a seatbelt.” Earthquakes are when tectonic plates slip past each other causing a “snap’. The ground shakes violently and can even crack. Though the occurrence of an earthquake is dreadful, familiarizing yourself with the causes and effects can be useful, and in turn make it less scary.

All along the coast of Central America the tsunami was observed. (February 4, 1965, Alaska Earthquake, Rat Islands, Magnitude 8.7) This earthquake was recorded at a magnitude 8.7 and caused a big tsunami of over 10 m on Shemya Island. It barely caused any damage, though. Just two months after the initial shock, an aftershock earthquake at a magnitude of 7.6 hit the same area. (March 28, 2005, Sumatra Earthquake aka Nias Earthquake) Just off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, was a devastating earthquake that killed 1,300 people. A majority of the devastation occurred on the island of Nias. The massive earthquake sparked a panic around countries along the Indian Ocean because there was a massive tsunami just three months earlier in December. ( August 15, 1950, Assam, Tibet Earthquake, Magnitude 8.6) There were at least 780 people who died in this 8.6 magnitude earthquake. Many buildings completely collapsed in areas of Eastern Tibet. Landslides and ground cracks/fractures ended up washing away and entire village. The village of Yedong collapsed into the Yarlung Zangbo River and literally washed

Geologists today define an earthquake as the shaking and the trembling of the earth’s surface, known as the ground. In the article “The Human Impact of Earthquakes: a Historical

Earthquakes cause ground shaking events caused by rapid movement of falts pushing past each other. Falts, hypocenters, and epicenters are all related due to earthquakes. Falts are breaks in a rock mass that fit together perfectly with massive amounts of pressure on eachother. Most falts are locked except for very brief moments causeing earthquakes. Understanding where the earthquake originated is nessasary in messureing the scale or magnitude of the earth quake. The Hypocenter or focus is where the falts started pushing past or against eachother. The point on earths surface directly above the hypocenters is the epocenter.

An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The surface where they slip is called the fault of fault plane. The location below the earth's surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. There are four types of earthquakes tectonic,volcanic,collapse,and explosion. Another good topic to study is deeper into the science of earthquakes. ”Most earthquakes occur along faults, or breaks, in the Earth's crust.” by Bill Haneberg.http://tremor.nmt.edu/faq/what.html

An earthquake is the shaking of the earth by seismic waves radiating away from the disturbance, most commonly fault movement. The great Chilean earthquakes origin was of the coast of Chile at a subduction zone, referred to as a hot spot for seismic activity.

On Sunday, October 30, 2016, an earthquake of 6.6 magnitude hit central Italy just north of Norcia. The earthquake did not cause any immediate deaths but it did injure 20 people and spread fear throughout the town. This earthquake is believed to be the strongest to hit since 1980, which is over three decades ago. However, the death toll was low because in August 2016 central Italy was hit by a prior earthquake killing 300 people. After this previous earthquake, many residents fled Norcia to seek more substantial living conditions. When the earthquake hit on October 30, 2016 many residents had not moved back home from the earlier disaster. The combination of the two earthquakes have left devastating effects such as electricity loss, road blockings, and restricted accessibility to critical supplies.

Earthquakes occur daily as plates of lithosphere travel on asthenosphere; however, some earthquakes are larger and cause more damage than others. Major earthquake zones include the circum-pacific region, Indonesia to Europe, Caribbean and Sandwich Islands, mid-ocean ridges, and East Africa. Larger earthquakes are rarer than smaller earthquakes, yet when they do occur, they are memorable. The Japan earthquake of 2011 and the Haiti earthquake of 2010 are memorable for unfavorable circumstances, yet are excellent sources of study for seismologists and geologists.

Early people had many explanations for earthquakes. In one theory, the Earth was attached to a platform. The sfin obn and stars revolved around the Earth and it's platform. "When the platform moved earthquakes happened. In one culture, this platform was a great spider, in other cultures, this platform was a giant catfish, tortoise, or whale. OAristotles four elements of the universe-air earth fire and water were also used to explain earthquakes. As hot masses of underground air struggled to escape the ground shook. According to scientists today, most of the worlds earthquakes are caused by the mobility of the Earths surface. It is estimated that there is 1 great earthquake 10 major earthquakes 1,000 damaging shocks and 100,000 minor shocks

     An Earthquake is the shaking of the earth's surface caused by rapid movement of the earth's rocky outer layer. The sudden shaking of the ground that occurs when masses of rock change position below the Earth's surface is called an earthquake. The shifting masses send out shock waves that may be powerful enough to alter the surface of the Earth, thrusting up cliffs and opening great cracks in the ground.

Devastation struck Japan on March 11, 2011 when the main island, Honshu, was rocked by the worst earthquake in the country’s history. According the U.S. Geological Survey, the earthquake, named the Great East Japan Earthquake, was so severe it shifted the earth’s axis by 10 cm and the jolt of the earth’s crust triggered a tsunami of epic proportion. Carrying a wall of water over 10 meters high and massive enough to been seen by the International Space Station, the tsunami claimed more lives than the earthquake itself. Japan is a country that has faced more than its fair share of disaster in the last century. The country has witnessed the city of Hiroshima devastated in 1945 by an atomic bomb, and the city of the Kobe devastated by a