The Metaphysic Of Abstract Particulars

In the Discourse on Metaphysics by Leibniz he suggest that, "we maintain that everything that is to happen to some person is already contained virtually in his nature or notion, as properties of a circle are contained in its definition." This assertion raised a difficulty for Leibniz. This difficulty was that "human freedom will no longer hold, and that an absolute fatality would rule over all our actions as well as over all the rest of what happens in the world." With such a reality there would be no use for free will and whatever fate succumbs an individual is the will of the Most High; in other words, being destined. But for Leibniz, this is not the determined reality of humanity. Leibniz

Of the countless examples of figurative language in Night I have decided to perform my in-depth analysis of the following three examples dispersed throughout the book.

Characters from one story to another may have different names, but their characteristics are often repeated. Applying Archetypal Theory to a text allows readers to recognize universal symbols, motifs, and patterns that appear in literature, myths, dreams, oral traditions, songs, and religions. Archetypal critics believe certain images, characters, and character types recur in literature, and all plots and characters are based on common myths, images, dreams, fairy tales, and legends (Davidson). Common character types are revealed when applying Archetypal Theory to Julia Alvarez’s novel, In the Time of the Butterflies, helping readers understand each character’s motivations. Particularly, common character types of the rebel, the ruler, and

Kim’s essential argument relies on two different metaphysical principles. Firstly, he presents the ‘Casual Individuation of Kinds’ principle that states that kinds in science are individuated on the

Dear Past Murray, this is your present-day self. I am writing this letter to help guide you in your journey through the Masters of Counselling graduate program. You are going to experience a fundamental shift in your perspectives on human nature and the nature of change. Currently, your point of view and insights are limited to a behaviorist context (Skinner, 2012) and to a behavior analysis approach (Fee, A., Schrieber, E, Nobel, N. Valdovinos, M, 2016). This has served you well in your work with youth and young adults with challenging behaviors. However, as you start this journey you have started to ask yourself what theory to follow. The answer to this question will be found when you take a step back from the various models of counselling to look at what really makes a difference to client outcomes and to develop a

One of the most fundamental questions in philosophy is the one of appearance vs. reality. We find ourselves asking the question of what is genuinely “real,” and what is viewed merely as just an “appearance,” and not real? It becomes difficult when we assume there is a difference in the two to determine which is which. Generally, what we label as “real” is regarded as external

These are higher truths, archetypes of everything in the visible world, including the non-physical concepts.

Jung defines archetypes as, “Universal images that have existed since the remotest times. As a figure that repeats itself in the course of history wherever creative fantasy is fully manifested” (Jung, 7). Regarding the idea of archetypes, Northup Frye was a prominent theorist who contributed to the study and progression of archetypes; he applied Jung’s theories about collective unconscious, archetypes, and primal images to literature. Through Frye’s proposition of four mythoi type plots, “He formed a strong basis for four major genres that associated with each season of the year: comedy (spring), romance (summer), tragedy (fall), satire (winter)” (Frye, 45). According to Carl Jung the goal of humanity is to achieve individuation, the goal is to reach a state where the unconscious is known and integrated into the conscious mind. It is collective in nature from our human ancestors, predisposed human ways of perceiving, responding and reacting.

In the following paper I intend to compare and contrast the three major philosophical viewpoints regarding this question, and come to a

objects (e.g. a chair), definitions may vary, however they are all based on the existence of

Archetypal approach is defined as a type of approach that focuses on the interpretation of texts or other literature based on recurring patterns and other universal models including symbols, images etc. It is one of most important form of liteary critisisum; it is frequently evident in almost all types of liteary records that follows a common theme or a trend from the past. I used archetypal approach to analyze and evaluate the famous disney movie Cinderella. Throughout the movie,I found some common resemblances to other stories such as Sleeping Beauty and Beauty and the Beast. Similarities include the “lived happily ever after” ending which is recurrent and familiar to us through many other disney movies,the common theme of the villain competing

During the 17th and 18th century two philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, arose carving for themselves a trench in the philosophical world. We can see the biggest distinction between the two in their theories of how we know things exist. The traditions of Plato and Aristotle have been dubbed rationalism and empiricism respectively. Under these traditions many well known philosophers have formed their own theories of God, existence and the material world. Through these individual theories I will show how each fits into the category of either Rationalist or Imperialist. The Plutonian philosophers to be

Often times great novels and plays allude to religion, to mythology, or to other literary works for dramatic purposes. Shakespearean plays are perfect examples. Allusions help the reader or spectator better understand, through visualization, a character or an event in a novel. In some cases, the characters, the events, or a series of events are structured according to the people and the action in other stories, whether the stories be religious, mythological, classical, or historical. The character or the event, therefore, becomes a prototype of the character or event alluded to. A prototypical character in a novel is usually referred

One consequence of viewing ontology and identity as relative is that properties and universals hardly seem much more problematic. Although universals obviously do not exist on a fundamental level, I think both David Lewis and David Armstrong provide helpful suggestions on the scope of universals in practical discourse.

Merriam Webster Dictionary defines Nominalism as: “a theory that there are no universal essences in reality and that the mind can frame no single concept or image corresponding to any universal or general term” on the other hand it defines realism as: “a doctrine that universals exist outside the mind; specifically: the conception that an abstract term names an independent and unitary reality” . Throughout the lengthy history of philosophy, and especially through the medieval time periods, the terminology of “realism” and “nominalism” were used in opposition to one another. The terms that the conflict was based on dealt with the idea of “universals” versus “particulars.” The nominalist approach is to state that only “particulars” exist around us; they do not acknowledge the existence of any of what the realists would call a “universal.” A realist, on the other hand, would acknowledge the existence of both “universals” and “particulars”: “the debate therefore revolves round the metaphysical question: what there is?” The debate that is often brought up when discussing the ideas of nominalism in relation to realism are normally dealing with how certain distinguishing questions or characteristics are interpreted. The debate constantly dragged back down through linguistics of how individuals view, experience, and come to know something linguistically; what seems to be the most convoluted is