The Method Of Separation Of Charged Molecules Based On Different Migration

Different procedures were used to isolate benzil from the ether layer and benzoic acid from the aqueous layers. To isolate benzil, anhydrous MgSO4 was added to the flask containing the ether layer solution. MgSO4 removes the remaining water in the ether layer solution. After making sure that enough amount of MgSO4 present in the solution, the ether solution was filtered by using gravity filtration. During filtration, MgSO4 was removed from the solution and the ether solution was collected in 25 ml flask. To separate benzil from the filtered ether solution, the beaker containing the ether solution was heated until the ether evaporated. After letting the beaker to cool to room temperature, the mass of the beaker with the benzil crystals was measured. From the combined mass of the beaker and the benzil crystals and from the predetermined mass of the beaker, the mass of the collected crystals was calculated to be 0.266 gram.

Materials & Procedures: The supplies and equipment you will need are a pipet, daphnia, caffeine, petri dish, and a stereoscope.

The room temperature was measured throughout the lab and kept constant at 24°C (+/- 1°C), as the lab was conducted during the same time of

· Explain the process of electrophoresis as it relates to separating and identifying different DNA fragments

Howlett, S. E. and Steiner, R. R. 2011. Validation of Thin Layer Chromatography with AccuTOF-DART™ Detection for Forensic Drug Analysis*. Forensic Sciences [e-journal] 56 (5), pp. 1261--1267. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University Library website http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk [Accessed on 11 March 2014].

In this experiment, separation of fluorene and 9-fluorenone took place using column chromatography. The pureness of the separate compounds was checked using TLC and melting point analysis. Rf values were the determined from the TLC plates and calculated to compare the experimental Rf values to the starting mixture Rf values. TLC is useful to separate tiny samples and is considerably quick, while chromatography is used to separate considerably larger mixtures but takes more time. The melting point of both desired molecules was found and contrasted with the actual values. The melting point is used to assess the purity of each compound recovered. Column chromatograpahy separates compounds based on polarity. Column chromatography contains a mixture dissolved in solvent and put in a column that had solid adsorbent and an eluent. There are different phases in the column: a polar stationary phase (solid adsorbent), the alumina, and mobile phases (eluent), which can flow throughout the column. There are different phases due to different polarities, resulting in dissimilar bands. TLC separates compounds due to polarity. Each sample is dotted on the plate and placed in eluent and the samples quickly separate due to polarities and adsorption. The spots can either move far or short distances. The weakly adsorbed compounds move faster than the stronger adsorbed components. The textbook mentions simple elution stepwise elution to elute each fraction in the column chromatography. Simple

Next are the methods that where done in this experiment. The materials used where: A digital Thermometer, human

The equipment used for this lab are: a Bunsen burner, balance, 50-mL graduated cylinder, wire gauze, crucible and

We needed to develop different methods to separate each part of the mixture to identify the materials in the mixture and what objects we would use to separate the mixture. In our experiment, we had salt and sand how could you identify these mixtures you would use water and the sand will sink to the bottom.We needed to develop different methods to separate each part of our mixture because they were all together so you wouldn't be able to separate them by hand.

The method uses a cotton swab to gather skin chemicals from a cellphone, those chemicals are then analyzed by a machine that “categorizes molecules based on the properties of their

However, if concentrations of certain compounds differ enough between a healthy and diseased state, EBC analysis can be a reliable diagnostic tool (Hunt John 2002). EBC analysis has some shortcomings, the biggest issue being standardization of collection. There are multiple devices being used in EBC research including the Turbo DECCS system, the RTube, and the ECoScreen. The RTube condenser is cooled by a metal sleeve which is cooled in a freezer

After realizing that the solvent moved up in ¾ the TLC plate was removed and marked where the solvent reached by using a pencil. The next step was spotting under UV light, and draw around different spot appeared. The Rf value obtained, showed a close range between Tylenol and acetaminophen, and between Anacin and Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin). This combination were also used in Co- spotting where on TLC plate, only two dots were drawn and placed a sample of acetaminophen overlapping Tylenol and Anacin overlapping aspirin on a second spot, and then used UV light gave two spot as predicated. Throughout this experiment possibly some error could have happened, like not putting the a lid on developing chamber as soon as possible, the solvent dried so fast when removed from glass jar this could have caused error in drawing a line in the wrong place and therefore interfering with our Rf values. TLC experiment are useful in biochemical analysis in separation of biochemical metabolites or constituent from its body fluids, blood plasm, and urine. TLC can be used in pharmaceutical industry for detection of impurity in a pharmacopoeias chemical (TLC

melting point and boiling point), toxicity, health effects, first aid precautions and measures, reactivity, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling procedures. This information provided in one s-specific place for lab workers and users means that work in the lab can be carried out safely as they are able to access any details they need about equipment, machines and chemicals etc.

Isolation of DNA is mainly done by adding different other digestive enzyme which reacts with constituents in the sample encountered at the crime scene, other than DNA. The different enzymes are proteases which breakdowns amino acids and proteins RNAase which digest RNA particles thus leaving only DNA in the test-tube. Ice cold ethanol is added to this homogenate to precipitate DNA. The DNA can be isolated slowly stirring a glass rod which is known as spooling.

To achieve this, the final value from each thermocouple was set to be equal to the warm water bath temperature (370C), and the initial reading was set equal to the ice water bath temperature. Thus, for each thermocouple an equation was obtained using the two points to convert voltage readings to temperature. An example of the calibration for one of the thermocouples is shown in Appendix II.