The Methodological Base Of Cybernetic Reasoning

The US has discussed AI issues with Japan, Korea, Germany, Poland, UK, and Italy. The issue of AI is also being discussed in the UN the G-7 and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (Source 7). During these meeting it was recommended that the US government should develop a government-wide strategy on international engagement related to AI and should have strategies to account for the influence of AI on cybersecurity. Artificial intelligence in weaponry also raises the concern of “meaningful human control” in life or death situations. This could take the humanity out of fighting, if soldiers no longer have to face the people they may have to kill, who is to say they won’t shoot anyone they suspect of doing something unsavory. This is just a concern that should be addressed when deploying artificially intelligent machines to act in place of an army. On a different note, the use of AI may be able to predict attacks prior to them even occurring. An AI monitoring tool called iAWACS, or internet airborne warning and control system, is able to comb through tweet and images and predict the general mood of digital conversation (Fung). This can be helpful in preventing attacks or riots in an area. However, there is always the concern of cybersecurity and chances of hacking that would provide false information to lead the monitors off the trail of the

When someone brings up the term “artificial intelligence”, a variety of connotations tend to arise, connotations that often are unfair or unrepresentative of the true real-world applications of such a term. Due to the incidentally fear-mongering nature of the media, artificial intelligence can refer to something as basic as a robotic arm in a factory, as well as the implied extinction and/or enslavement of the human race as caused by robo-revolution. As of today, however, when applied in the world of modern technology, artificial intelligence is defined as any innovation that performs a task usually completed by humans. Of course, with this definition, artificial intelligence holds the potential for both societal harm and benefit, and its fate

One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the

The group introduced ideas from cybernetics and general systems theory into social psychology and psychotherapy, focusing in

One risk of artificial intelligence is that machines can malfunction and not know when to stop advancing on the enemy or distinguish between an enemy and a citizen, and not have a risk of unnecessary carnage. Today’s modern warfare is high-paced, mobile, and technologically advanced. It has been stated that “today’s sophisticated weapons can malfunction, be too lethal, and their speed and effective range reduces reaction time and decreases the ability to distinguish

Simulmatics’ inaugural project – the purpose of its founding – was constructing a simulation of the 1960 presidential election. Working for the eventually successful Kennedy campaign, Simulmatics translated social-scientific research on voting behavior – mostly from Lazarsfeld’s 1954 Voting, an evolution of The People’s Choice – into a working model of the American electorate that could predict the consequences of hypothetical campaign strategies. Later, Simulmatics branched into other fields, receiving military contracts to study communications behavior in the Soviet Union and American counterinsurgency programs in Vietnam, where Simulmatics contracted social science professors and graduate students into the field.

The purpose of this paper is to bring to light a fresh new perspective of Artificial Intelligence or simply (AI). There have been numerous endeavours to make artificial intelligence which is inclusive of frontiers such as neural network, evolution theory, and so forth, not forgetting that a number of current issues have found solutions in the application of these concepts, the case still remains that each theory only covers a certain isolated aspect of human intelligence. To date, he gap that stands between a human being and an artificial intelligence agent still remains unabridged. In this paper an extrapolated version of artificial intelligence shall be discussed which will be augmented by emotions and the plausibility of inheriting a neural architecture from one generation to the next in a bid to make artificial intelligence to compare to the natural behaviour and intelligence of human

Cyborgs are a very complex creation of the future. The general concept is that they cannot be recognized as non-humans. Although it has a programmed mission, this unit thinks and reacts on its own. The understructure is made of a very

Thos approach has been linked to the laws cybernetics and expert systems ,namely Ashbys Law of Requisite Variety which states the highest number of

This essay proved through a series of evidence that Brian Aldiss communicates in “Who Can Replace a Man” that machines are ultimately dependent on human intelligence. The machines argue logically but then shut down, obey human orders, and do not start working without receiving orders from the radio operated by

The further development of artificial intelligence and other cybernetic technologies are highly beneficial to the global society due to the constant movement

All cybernetic systems are teleological; they exist to achieve a specific purpose or fulfill a specific agenda. The system is comprised of interdependent subsystems, that collectively influence each other and function towards the system goal. The system self-evaluates this progress, communicates the results to itself (feedback), autonomously self-corrects as needed, and feeds back into itself, to begin the process anew.

Rene Descartes’ “Discourse on the Method” focuses on distinguishing the human rationale, apart from animals and robots. Wherein, he does so by explaining how neither animals, nor machines possess the same mental faculties as humans. For Descartes distinguishes the human rationale apart from non-humans, even though he does agree the two closely resemble each other because of their sense organs, and physical functions (Descartes, pp22). Nevertheless, it is because the mechanical lacks a necessary aspect of the mind, which consequently separates them from humans. For in Descartes “Discourse on the Method,” he argues that the noteworthy difference between humans, and the mechanical is that machines are only responding to the world through of their sense organs. Whereas humans possess the significant faculties of reasoning, which allows them to understand external inputs and information obtained from the surrounding environment. This significantly creates a dividing ‘line’, which separates humans from non-humans. For in this paper, I will firstly distinguish the differences between the human and mechanical’s mentality in regards to Descartes “Discourse on the Method”. Secondly, I will theorize a modern AI that could possess the concept of an intellectual mind, and then hypothesize a powerful AI that lacks the ability to understand its intelligence. Lastly, in disagreeing in why there are no such machines that is equivalent to the human mind. For humans don’t possess all the

In the future, we may be able to build a computer that is comparable to the human brain, but not until we truly understand one thing. Lewis Thomas talks about this in his essay, "Computers." He says, "It is in our collective behavior that we are most mysterious. We won't be able to construct machines like ourselves until we've understood this, and we're not even close" (Thomas 473). Thomas wrote this essay in 1974, and although we have made many technological advances

“I suppose,” said Pooh, “that’s why he never understands anything.” (A. A. Milne, The house at Pooh Corner) Introducing “epistobabble”[2] General Systems Theory or cybernetics as it was known in Europe, can be divided into two cybernetic models: simple cybernetics or first-order cybernetics and cybernetics of cybernetics or second-order cybernetics. There is no definitive breakdown of terms in the literature, which has caused some confusion and inconsistencies, as might ordinarily be the case with the emergence of a new paradigm. This “new (cybernetic) epistemology” has, however, “a common foundation in the writings of Gregory Bateson” (Searight & Openlander, 1987, p.52).