The Miller-Urey Synthesis Essay: The Origin Of Life

The Miller-Urey mixture, containing loads of harmful materials such as cyanide, have shown signs of possibility of supporting life during the early times of Earth.

Panspermia Hypothesis: Sales Gyon De Montlivant was a major contributing factor to the development of this hypothesis. He proposed that life came from the moon. While he was proven wrong, he jumpstarted a theory based on live starting from space materials or other planetary materials. H.E. Richter also proposed that life came from comets and asteroids so he contributed in the same sense. Now the theory means that life “seeds” came from another planet and moved to

Evidence  for  life  on  early  Earth  (e.g.  in  the  Pre Cambrian)  has  proved  difficult  to  find  because: SELECT  ALL  THAT  APPLY Select  one  or  more: A.  rocks  from  these  early  times  are  rare  due to  the  recycling  of  the  Earth's  crust  through plate  tectonics   B.  there  was  no  oxygen  in  the  Earth's atmosphere  at  this  time C.  life  at  this  time  lacked  hard  parts  (such as  shells  or  bones)  that  fossilise  easily   D.  life  had  not  yet  emerged  onto  land E.  life  at  this  time  was  mostly  microbial

Stromatolites are still produced by microbes today. These modern stromatolites are remarkably similar to the ancient stromatolites which provide evidence of some of the earliest life on Earth. Modern and ancient stromatolites have similar shapes and, when seen in cross section, both show the same fine layering produced by thin bacterial sheets. Microfossils of ancient cyanobacteria can sometimes be identified within these layers.

1) What are the three lines of fossil evidence that point to an early origin of life on Earth? Discuss each line and what it tells us about when life arose. What are the implications of an early origin for the possibility of life elsewhere?

Scientists have long sought to understand the origin of prebiotic compounds and its transition into self-replicating biological structures, both as an explanation for life’s emergence on earth and as an assessment of the abundance of life in the solar system and the galaxy. In 1952, Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey performed experiments demonstrating that the basic foundation of life could be formed when abiotic molecules that existed on early Earth were jolted with appropriate amounts of energy. However, current models of the composition of early Earth’s atmosphere show that it would be difficult for amino acids to have formed unless they did so in the deep ocean. Martins et al. (2006) explores whether these compounds could have been formed by the impact shock of one celestial body slamming into another. Succeeding research has investigated whether amino acids formed in space can survive the journey to Earth and discovered, in space, some of the prebiotic compounds posited in Martins et al. Researchers theorized that prebiotic compounds could have built up over time in the Early Earth’s oceans and then been jolted together with bicarbonate by the impact of the falling meteor. The study was successful in producing amino acids under these conditions. No matter their source of origin on early Earth, amino acids alone cannot form a self

This confirmation of nucleobases in the Murchison Meteorite shows that the building blocks for life would have been available through the active transporting of material through space onto our planet. The Murchison meteorite is also relevant in this aspect as it discloses a window into the solar system around the time of the formation of our sun. This gives us a look in to the earliest chemistry taking place in our solar system and from it, estimations of the available materials within the solar system can be made. The results confirm the existence of organic compounds already present in the solar system and on the earth. Since we know that these organic compounds make up the nucleobases present in our genetic material today, there is a strong

The first person to come up with this theory was Benoit De Maillet around the year 500 B.C. He stated, “the intentional transfer of life to other planets by intelligent life.” Then in 1973, the Nobel peace prize was given to a British biologist, physicist and neuroscience professor, Francis Crick proposed the theory of direct panspermia. The claim is that the seed of life is everywhere and life existed all over the universe. The evidence that was found was a meteorite that landed in Antarctica had contained structures that were remains of terrestrial Nano

In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey, two astrobiologist’s that studied life on Earth and in space at the University of Chicago. Both provided the same theories and ideas that the gases in the atmosphere when struck by lightning that life could have formed from non-living substances. To give an illustration of this theory they carried out an experiment using a series of apparatus connected in a continual loop to recreate the atmospheric conditions that once existed on the Earth. Urey and Miller designed this experiment to support the theory that the atmospheric conditions that once existed on early Earth, could have created living organisms (abiogenesis) from non-living matter. Urey and Miller, did this to not only determine if life could

This essay is a compilation of numerous hypothesis’ of how life on Earth began. The six hypotheses’ are: Primordial Soup, Iron Sulfur, Deep Sea Vent, RNA World, Community Clay, Panspermia. Primordial Soup was suggested by two scientist Alexander Oparin and J.B.S. Iron Sulfur was proposed by Gunter Wachtershauser. Deep Sea Vent was proposed by scientists Nick Lane and Bill Martin. RNA World was brought forth by scientists Sidney Altman and Thomas Cech.

The hydrogen in the water molecules or the organics that make up life itself was almost exclusively created from the Big Bang, roughly a microsecond after it had begun. The thermonuclear processes from small and large stars formed the elements carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum and silicon that make up most of life, air and rocks along with the hydrogen. The uranium and thorium that are found in trace amounts in the gneiss or in more abundance in several uranic dikes on the south east part of the lake (eg Robinson-McQuire mine) have their origin in supernovae. So do the rare elements also found southeast of the lake (eg the Brignal mine). Blackstone like Earth and its Life reflect cosmic bounty.

The origin of life is indeed a fascinating mystery and is something that Davies explores in his article, "The Origin of Life: When and Where Did it Begin?" Davies begins his article by acknowledging that for a long time, more scientists attributed the beginning of life on earth as having evolved billions of years ago in a "primordial soup" at an unknown place on the surface of the earth. This has long been the assumption of scientists and one which has long gone unquestioned. However, Davies points to the mounting evidence that life in fact may have begun elsewhere at a location deep beneath the surface of the earth, such as adjacent to a volcanic ocean vent or perhaps within the earth's hot crust. As Davies immediately poses in his article, "Since there are hints that life's history on Earth extends back through the phase of massive cosmic bombardment, it may be that life started on Mars and came here later, perhaps inside rocks ejected from the Red Planet by large impacts" (2001). Davies aptly points out that the movement of integral and unbroken rocks between Mars and Earth is an unquestioned fact, and that various experiments have in fact verified that microbes could have lasted through an odyssey via space if they were in fact cushioned in such material (2001). If, as Davies illuminates, this is in fact the way that life on earth started, through some sort of planetary cross-contamination, then the likelihood of discovering another

Once finished looking through the data gathered from the Mars Chromatograph, I concluded that Mars can create life, as the elements needed to form life were present in the data gathered from martian soil testing, and the atmosphere also provided good conditions for life to form. Martian soil is not to be confused with Earth soil, as it is the finer fraction of regolith (layer covering rock) found on Mars’ surface. For life to form, it needs the building blocks CHNOPS, an acronym for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur, as they each help characterize cells in different ways. All cells need DNA, a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes to truly be cells. Additionally, even though there are many more chemical

Abstract- All of these hypotheses explain the formation of creatures, earth, the universe and basically just formation have life. The primordial soup may have been amazing but it most likely didn’t include all have the compounds found in modern living systems/situations. So in all have this, we all may have different opinions about how the earth was formed but it is what it is. All of the biomolecules, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and glucose all have an act in these hypotheses. The same goes for organic compounds.

For one thing, prebiotic Earth did not have favorable conditions for the formation of nucleotides by any means. One such problem is that nucleotides require a phosphate group to link, which is implausible to have occurred naturally without life