The Ministerial Declaration Agreement And The Principle Of Special And Differential Treatment For Developing And Developing Countries

Mutual aid agreements are essential for allocating resources, equipment, and personnel between jurisdictions through intrastate, interstate, private organizations, and nongovernmental organizations agencies in the event of an emergency situation that exceeds the capabilities of the local agencies. Intrastate agencies mobilized by a mutual aid agreement consist of resources within the state that can provide support to the requesting department. During catastrophic events, interstate sources activated through a mutual aid agreement are comprised of resources from other states that are able to support the operations required when state resources are incapable of providing adequate aid. Private-sector organizations, nonprofit organizations, and nongovernmental organizations provide additional support in times of crisis when the organization has necessary resources to sustain operations. Emergency situations that may arise and benefit from the resources established in an existing mutual aid agreement include mass casualty incidents, fire and law enforcement situations, natural disasters such as hurricanes and tornadoes, and terrorist attacks.

This paper considers two issues: firstly, human rights in the developing world and secondly Canada’s responsibility of humanitarian assistance. Both issues are of grave importance and are mutually exclusive - as nations lacking strong human rights standards are more likely to require the greatest humanitarian assistance. Additionally, the need for humanitarian assistance will increase as global crises become more frequent, due to climate change insecurity (Adger, Huq, Brown, Conway & Hulme, 2003). The example of climate change will be utilised throughout this paper to explore the disparaging links between climate justice and human rights. In defining humanitarian assistance this paper will take Jamieson’s (2004) definition that humanitarian assistance is a response to crises via support in the short term to overcome disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis. Whereas, development assistance considers the longer term issues in developing countries. By defining the two main types of assistance this paper will propose that greater investment into development aid may reduce the need for humanitarian aid as nations become more capable to support themselves. The body of this paper will consider key arguments concerning humanitarian assistance and human rights, including: Canadas humanitarian response in the developing world, the increasing need for global crisis response, human rights as a global responsibility and lastly the move from humanitarian to development assistance. In

In addition to the Pathos, ethos also has very important effect on this flier. The author presents a lot of specific information about the policies of the WTO and its practices in many aspects in recent years. All the facts, the reports from the authoritative organization like the United Nations Development Programs, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, give the flier strong evidence and make it creditable.

The United States is a land of enormous bounty, freedom, and opportunity. It is the world's richest and most powerful nation. It is also an unusually altruistic nation, founded on the ideas of the Enlightenment: equality, opportunity, and universal-brotherhood.

ANONYMOUS. 2014a. Groups in the negotiations [Online]. World Trade Organisation. Available: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dda_e/negotiating_groups_e.htm#grp021 [Accessed 01 October 2014].

“The scope and volume of proposals during the first round of the negotiation reflects a commitment from all three countries to an ambitious outcome and reaffirms the importance of updating the rules governing

Implementation of the Ryan White CARE Act of 1990 assures, people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and their families access to quality treatments (Akukwe, 2001). On July 2010, President Obama announced the National HIV/AIDS Strategy to reduce HIV incidence, optimizing better health outcomes, and to reduce HIV-related instances (Department of Veterans Affairs National HIV/AIDS Strategy Operation Plan, 2011). To accomplish these goals, several national agencies released plans and outlines to emphasize the initial steps to support this decision. “In the past 15 years, advocates have laid the groundwork on which a rapidly expanding enforcement paradigm has arisen at the intersection of human rights litigation and HIV/AIDS policy” (Meier & Yamin, p. 81). These policies have been developing among multiple countries and transforming practice as a global response to HIV/AIDS.

The U.S. Department of State and the United States Agency of International Development (USAID) has published five strategic goals.1 Under these goals they have formulated a total of thirteen objectives to give the strategy a more specific direction. In these strategic objectives there is representation of Wilsonian, Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, and Jacksonian ideals. Current U.S. foreign policy certainly has a strong Wilsonian flavor. However, Wilson’s theory alone does not accurately portray U.S. foreign policy in the 21st Century. I will present examples of the other main political policy ideals and practices (Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, and Jacksonian) in twenty-first century U.S. foreign relations.

WTO function To join WTO is an international status for smooth trade. Even though WTO judge fairly to solve the dispute, it does not well function to provide entire solution. The most critical point is that WTO can do nothing to impose their ruling to the disputed countries even if those countries never agree or accept it. Only thing is that under ruling the country has a right to make a sanction to another on one-on-one level. However the contemporary international organizations have a common problem. WTO only replies on each country’s political decision in the end. WTO should have more effective function to force their ruling to the country, such as administrative litigation. 4. Segment analysis

Habeeb reviews the literature on the common processes used in negotiations and thus agreeing with Zartman, advocates ‘the formal-detail approach.’ Zartman’s approach is well-structured and parsimonious. The concession and convergence school of analysis developed the ‘offer-counteroffer” (Habbeeb 27) structure for the negotiation process. The approach is grounded in the notion that the negotiating parties make demands, propose new solution, make concessions, and evaluate concession behavior and reactions

Negotiation is used to handle differences and conflict, to create bridges where there are barriers, and to transact business in a global world. But however important the skill of negotiation is, many people fail at it and can cause long-term resentments between cultures or firms (Dolan and Kawamura, 2015). International negotiations can be put into three different categories which including security, political and trade negotiations (Druckman, 2001). Trade negotiation is the main theme in this paper. In the negotiation process, there are two parties are involved at least. They could be individuals, small groups, or more complex social units (Rubin and Brown, 1975). Negotiation involves the presentation of demands or proposals by one party, evaluation of these by the other party, followed by concessions and counter proposals.

Harvard Business School’s Case Study “Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: An agenda for fighting World Poverty” outlines the steps, and missteps, that the world community has taken since World War II to address the efficacy of international assistance. The study focuses on international financial institutions (IFIs) and their ability to help poor nations break out of poverty and the possible obligations of rich, developed countries to assist the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs). Additionally, the study seeks to see if this assistance has been and can be parlayed into growth and investment for the HIPCs.

Negotiation plays a vital role in the creation of domestic and international policy. In general terms it is defined as a joint decision-making process in which initially incompatible parties arrive at an agreement thought the exchange of concessions and problem-solving. It normally includes both dialogue with discussion on merits, and bargaining with the use of competitive tactics such as promises or threats (Lang, 1996). The use of negotiation is part of a trend of alternative dispute settlement (Fiorino, 1988). Controversies that are handled with negotiation and rule-making seek to resolve the disputes and attain resolutions that have broad applicability.

The World Trade Organization (“WTO”) Dispute Settlement System and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) are two of the most widely used methods of international dispute settlement.

With that being said it brings us into the way the negotiations were set up. Several different nations, with several different needs and wants all meeting in hopes to come to an agreement, doesn't really seem like the best way of things. Unfortunately, this is the only way it can be set up. This way each and every nation will get their points viewed and heard. Although, that can be a good thing it can also be a bad thing. When having several different needs, the likelihood of everyone agreeing is slim to none, leading to more failed resolutions. Looking at our class and the failed resolutions, it