The Motor's New Robotic Surgery System

The initial task was aimed to test whether the motor could life a range of valued weights between 20 grams and 100 grams. Whilst testing the motors capacity to hold certain weights, an input and an output formula were used to calculate the efficiency of the motor. This was relative to the Voltage, Current, time, gravity, height (string off the ground) and the mass of the weights. Fortunately each of the three sets of four given weights was successfully lifted by the motor across a variation of times. This data also changed the readings on the voltmeters and ammeters. The results that were calculated along with the efficiencies were both successful and astounding to come across especially as the graphs trend above goes up and down, rather than in a single direction.

This article was interesting because similarly to the other article, Robotic Surgical Training, this one talks about the simulation that is used to help the surgical teams train properly. The teams have to be familiar and have operational knowledge of the robotics. The teams have to know how to properly use and manipulate the instruments with hands on experience.

Continuing with the development and improvement of the assembly line, in the 1960s, new machines were invented that allowed for five axes of motion. These devices were called the “Versatran”, and were installed a Ford factory in Ohio. But later in the decade, robots became even more complex adding another axis it can work

I hope you are well. I am sending this email to follow up with you regarding our lab services. You will find in this email how we can assist your company. Please note the attachments below. There are also references as well. I also wanted to list one example of the benefits of having our program. If you have any questions or concerns,please feel free to contact me.

On 8/9/17 I met Mr. Malone at Bremmer Prosthetics regarding his Myoelectric arm. The mechanical arm was checked out and a couple of screws were changed and some strap replacement was done. Nate the technician did some testing on the muscle of the arm to make sure he would be able to operate the myoelectrical arm. There are 5 functions to the hand in regards to gripping. Mr. Malone last had an electric arm 17 years ago. The technology has advanced. The testing showed that Mr. Malone would be able to operate the new mechanical arm well. We were told he would need to have some occupational therapy once he had the new arm. I asked what the projections for the mechanical arm are and was told about 5 years. The mechanical arm is about 10 years

The 21st century can rightfully be considered as the era of technology when the new inventions and discoveries will most likely affect all the segments of human life. At this point, some of the breakthrough inventions of our times have been in the medical field. Robotic surgery has become an almost common practice in the advanced medical world and new uses for robotic assisted surgery are everyday set in place. However, such developments also attract different interests and implications.

In this experiment an inclined plane, wheel and axel, and pulley system were used to demonstrate efficiency and work as well as show how Ideal Mechanical Advantage and Actual Mechanical Advantage compare. The effort and resistance were measured in all simple machine setups and were used to calculate AMA, IMA, and efficiency. The results showed that the greater the effort, the greater the efficiency, and that both quantities are directly related. A notable error occurred when efficiency exceeded 100% in the pulley system (Arrangement 3) and was attributed to a measurement error in either the effort force or distance traveled by effort

The Da Vinci Surgical System is a large purpose-built robot controlled by a surgeon that performs minimally invasive surgical procedures on patients. The system incorporates an ergonomically designed surgeon's console, a patient-side module with four interactive robotic arms, each with interchangeable surgical instruments and a 3-dimensional endoscopic vision system. Powered by high-tech supercomputers, the surgeon's hand movements are scaled, filtered and then converted into precise movements of the surgical attachments. The designers of the system are a team of doctors, engineers and biomedical engineers at a company called Intuitive Surgical.

Technology is transforming the medical field with the design of robotic devices and multifaceted imaging. Even though these developments have made operations much less invasive, robotic systems have their own disadvantages that prevent them from replacing surgeons all together. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a broad notion encompassing a lot of common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots. It refers to general procedures that keep away from long cuts by entering the body through small, usually about 1cm, entry incisions, through which surgeons use long-handled instruments to operate on tissue inside the body. Such operations are directed by viewing equipment and, therefore, do not automatically need the use of a robot. Yet, it is not incorrect to say that computer-assisted and robotic surgeries are categories that fall under minimally invasive surgery (Robotic Surgery, n.d.).

Minnesota Micromotors, Inc. (MM), based in Minneapolis, was a manufacturer of brushless, direct current (BLDC)1 motors used in orthopedic medical devices. Devices utilizing MM’s motors were typically used by orthopedic surgeons in large bone surgery, reconstructive surgery, trauma surgery, and sports medicine procedures. MM sold approximately 97,000 motors a year and had a 9% share of the $137 million U.S. medical motor market for orthopedic and neurosurgery devices. (See Exhibit 1A.) MM was a division of privately held Fractional Motors Limited, which had revenues of $350 million (just over $12 million, or 3%, generated by MM) and

The beginning use of surgical robots within medical setting benefits the surgeon as well as the patient; it gives the da Vinci Surgical System a bright future within today’s society.

Servomotor is a rotary actuator which allows precise control of angular position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. Servo essentially requires a complex controller, a dedicated module designed specifically for the application of servomechanism. Servomotors works on the fundamental principle of servomechanism to achieve closed loop control system in addition to a generic open

Modeling of a BLDC motor can be developed in the similar manner as a three phase synchronous machine. Since its rotor is mounted with a permanent magnet, some dynamic characteristics are different. Flux linkage from the rotor is dependent upon the magnet. Therefore, saturation of magnetic flux linkage is typical for this kind of motors. As any typical three phase motors, one structure of the BLDC motor is fed by a three phase voltage source as shown in Figure 2.10. The source is not necessary to be sinusoidal. Square wave or other wave- shape can be applied as long as the peak voltage is not exceeded the maximum voltage limit of the motor. Similarly, the model of the armature winding for the BLDC motor is expressed as follows.

CE 1.1 My main objective was to create a speed and forward-reverse control for an induction motor that can be programmed and can be accessed using the computer in the cheapest but efficient way. My project is composed of electrical and electronic components. The brain of the prototype comes from the program of a microcontroller. Most of the assembly of the electrical and electronic components and the creation of the program are done in the electrical laboratory. Economy is an important factor in my study. One of its advantages over the commercially-available variable frequency drive (VFD) is it is more economical and can be programmed based on the user’s preference without sacrificing accuracy and efficiency.

The resolution of the stepper motor is increased to 1.50 by utilizing a gear wheel with a gear reduction of 1:5.