The Movement Of Fight For Urban Land Reform

    Brazil has a population of 208,664,000 people, contributing to 2.74 % of the overall world’s population. Brazil’s large population ranks it as the sixth most populated country in the world. The population growth rate is 0.73 percent which has been declining since 1960 due to the significant infertility rate. Half of Brazil’s population is categorized as middle class, but a high level of crime, especially in major cities, still remains. The majority of the population reside near the Atlantic Coast in cities like San Paolo and Rio de Janeiro.

In conclusion, reading about Carolina’s life has had a huge impact on my learnings of Brazil. While reading this book, I was able to reflect on what we learned and discussed about life in the favelas in class. When I hear of Brazil, I always hear of the wealthy places, pretty women and beautiful sites to visit. However, the favelas and life of the poor people living in Brazil is rarely mentioned and talked about. Reading Carolina’s diary gave me a different image of the country and showed Brazil in another light. Carolina’s diary gave me more insight on what the daily life of a favelado is like and what people who live in the favelas experience on a daily

Afro Brazilians have had to deal with centuries of oppression. During these times, Afro-Brazilians have had to deal with various methods, and strategies designed to keep entire communities oppressed. Many of these methods have had effects so profound, they are still affecting many Brazilians till this day. Political oppression is one of the oldest methods known to man, along with unleashing a forceful police force mimicking military forces. Authoritarian rule also played a major role in the shaping of the country. Furthermore, an inept biased justice system will fail those who need protections, and justice the most. These four key modes will be objectively examined, as well as the efficacy of each of these repressive strategies, and the impact that they have had or still have in the Afro-Brazilian communities.

Indigenous rights in Brazil have been very vague throughout the years and were difficult to obtain since many indigenous tribes were seen as an inferior class. There are around 900,000 indigenous people with a total of 240 tribes in Brazil in contrast to the 11 million indigenous people that lived there before the European colonist arrived. It was predicted that 90% died in the first years from diseases that they were not exposed to, such as the flu and smallpox, and the rest who survived the diseases were enslaved. Brazil has one third of the world’s rainforest and half of the amazon forest, but with the expansion of neoliberal policies deforestation has become a serious problem. According to Brazilian authorities, the rubber and cattle industries are responsible for 80% of the deforestation (COHA). This has evidently affected many indigenous communities that lived in the Amazon forest, displacing them from their lands and exploiting them for hard labor. By the 1950s, many predicted that the indigenous population in Brazil would disappear, but they have been able to recover by becoming active in the movement against neoliberal policies and their rights as human.

Many believe that congress is trying to look after themselves because of the “Car Wash Investigation” and blaming everything on Rousseff for what happen and claiming that she could have used the money for her pass reelection and no one would know but her. When congress voted to impeach Rousseff and she did not stand a chance losing by a landslide now the senate where they will check on whether congress vote is true or not deny the impeachment. The reason why I choose this current event is because it reflects back on the reading called “Never Meant to Survive” by John H Costa Vargas. In the reading Vargas talks about Brazil myth. “According to the existing myth, Brazil is a polity characterized by the relative unimportance of race both as a cognitive-moral category and as a determinant of one’s structural social position” (104). In other words, what Vargas is saying that Brazil is still based on a social hierarchy and how the power stays within the same social class. When congress got caught with the scandal behind Rousseff back they blamed everything on her to sustain the power. Brazil is known for having hundreds of Favelas where poverty is at its extreme. As talked in class the rich and elite earned money are not invested in poor society, but rather back to themselves or somewhere elsewhere. When Dilma Rousseff was in office the economy was at the best and before that Brazil was still

Thousands of tiny, cliffside houses surround the city, climbing up into the verdant hills, packed together like brightly colored sardines. These are the favelas, home to hundreds of thousands of the poorest people in Brazil. Many of Rio’s favelas remain dangerous and unstable, but in the past several years the Brazilian government has begun a movement of pacification. Where once police would simply invade, battle a gang and withdraw, they are now permanently stationed to ensure the safety of neighborhood residents. This safety, however, brings with it a new kind of danger: as the favelas are pacified and begin to develop,

In Linda Sutton excerpt she stated that urban renewal uprooted families, friendships and the unity felt within the community as well. Hearing testimonies from people who have witnessed the past and present effects of urban renewal was rather upsetting. As well, as it was eye-opening to hear the effects of urban renewal from a personal point of view. I believe their stories have given great insight to resident’s emotions towards urban renewal. In addition, it was informative to hear the true intentions behind urban renewal in class, but hearing the effects as it pertained to actual residents through these excerpts was heartbreaking. Each testimony given expressed some form of pain towards the situation. In conclusion, these testimonies informed

Social movements are important for such a large and diverse place that is Latin America. Within one state there can be such a diverse range of people, cultures, different languages and traditions that need to be represented in political discussions and decision making. The movements are participated by those in groups outside of the state’s power structures; such groups can include women, homosexuals and indigenous peoples, among others. They take part due to the feeling of exclusion and marginalisation on decision making that affects them directly. These movements can be a reaction against corruption, the oppression of minorities or against destroying of landscapes and heritages.

Northeast Brazil is one of the poorest areas in a country where there is an incredibly great divide between the wealthy and the poor. Similar to the situation in the United States, many impoverished families are caught in a cycle where being born into poverty means your resources are less accessible than that of someone born into money. As a result, the young people remain impoverished throughout their lives and have children that face the same struggle continuing the cycle.. Education is one of the critical resources that may be able to assist in removing someone from an impoverished situation. Unfortunately, in places with a large population of poor, the school systems tend to be in poor condition or non-existent.

Since 1980 and the entrance of gangs, the violence in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro has skyrocketed. Through the combination of several factors, the favelas have become very dangerous place for its residents to live in. Janice Perlman describes these factors as the ‘ingredients’ that create a ‘violence stew.’ These ‘ingredients’ each add to violence and put its residents in a more vulnerable position. Most of these ingredients are caused by a strong drug gangs, indifferent government with unaccountable police, and vulnerable poor population. Each these alone would not necessarily increase the violence seen in Rio today, but when combined together create this ‘violence stew.’

As a result, São Miguel neighbors created organizations to transform the barrio and to improve the quality of life for the working-class population. In the 1960s, São Miguel was changing politically and tensions between the working class and government were emerging. All these elements shaped and influenced working-class identity. However, rural-urban migration had the most dramatic effect on the transformation of São Paulo. Various migrants from Brazil traveled to this city and along their journey, they encountered and faced several challenges. Nevertheless, migration created and formed a working class community in São Paulo. This paper will specifically analyze how rural-urban migration affected the formation of a working-class community in São

The World Bank (1989) shows that the richest 20 percent of the population owned 67.5 percent of all the income, and while this is an older study, the income inequality is still highly pronounced. BBC News reported that despite some tightening of the gap, Brazil is still the 12th most unequal state in the world (Kay, Farrell, & Tayman, 2014). The most severe consequence of high income inequality is that money is power. To clarify, if only 20 percent of the population have 67.5 percent of the income, they have a disproportionate amount of power over the remaining 80 percent of the population. In this situation, laws may not created any longer (due to the lobbying power of money) that have the interest if the poor in

In both Bolivia and Brazil locals rallied around a plethora of issues. Bolivia, specifically Cochabamba, rallied around the issue unfair water practices by the foreign company Bechtel. Cochabamba’s dependence on Bechtel sprung out of a need for water that had festered due to overpopulation, deforestation, and poverty. However, Bechtel proved to be a major problem and increased water rates by more than 50% which caused the locals to riot. Problems also exist in Brazil in the favelas and for the landless peasants. Favelas are small houses that are on land that is not owned by the occupants of the favela. People live in favelas due to extreme poverty as many favelas lack sewage, garbage collection, water and are plagued with drug dealing and crime.

The article talks about the life inside these favelas. For tourists, these slums may be seen as a place of unique interest, but to the Brazilian people, these slums are the most dangerous places in the country. But the question arises that why can 't the government do anything about these slums. The article describes that these favelas are so dangerous that even the Brazilian armed police are often scared to launch any

Stretching over 2,500 miles form east to west and 2,700 miles from north to south, Brazil is the world’s largest tropical country. The only nations that are larger are the lands of Russia, Canada, China and the United States. Brazil has more then 150 million people spread unevenly over its huge land area, making it the fifth most populated country in the world. (Encyclopedia.com) More then two thirds of Brazil’s people live in the cities and towns and more then 29 percent of them are in the ten cities with more then a million people. These include the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo with more then 15 million people and Rio de Janeiro with more then 9 million people. The rural population is mostly concentrated on the East Coast or