Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea

6. ^ Impact from the Deep; October 2006; Scientific American Magazine; by Peter D. Ward; 8 Page(s)

Astonishingly, Did you know that we have better maps of the moon than we do of the ocean? (#7) It’s true! Scientists are working to make drones to explore the deep sea. Ocean Exploration is a developing science that incorporates the use of marine biology and drone technology. Ocean Exploration technology will be an overall benefit to society because 1. exploring the ocean is easier than before and 2. ocean exploration can help with monitoring the deep sea.

The deepest depths of the ocean are unfathomable, no one knows what creatures lurk down there.

An entire new world, different from our own exists beneath the surface of our oceans. This life is full of color, shapes, sizes, wonder, and even darkness. Much of this life has yet to be explored but we still know that beneath the waves exist the most beautiful creatures and the most bizarre. Magical areas such as the coral reef and mysterious areas such as the depths of the ocean are homes to over 700,000 species that live in the ocean. This includes the eighty percent of the ocean that has yet to be explored. Even though there may be separate oceans on this planet, they are still interconnected by a body of salt water. No area of the ocean is the same, which brings us to the wonderful fact that so many different species are able to flourish

The sea is often perceived as a whole other world that science sometimes struggle to explain, its depths

The Ocean is 70 percent of the earth surface, humans have explored less than five percent of the ocean, and is home to innumerable amount of living organisms. One of its oldest inhabitants is the Cheloniidae dates back to the Triassic era, roughly 250 million years ago, (Wang et al.,

In this episode of the BBC documentary series, “The Blue Planet: Open Ocean,” we were able to explore the abundance and complications of the open ocean, the pelagic zone. Over 60% of our planet is covered by the ocean, yet the deep sea is largely still unknown. We know more about the moon than what we know about the deep ocean. The temperature and the level of sunlight decrease as the depth increases. The ocean may appear uniform from the surface, but there is several layers to the ocean. The pelagic zone contains the most area of the open ocean. The zone includes everything except for the coastal waters and the sea floor. However, even within this area, there are variation since some part is lifeless with very little amount of organisms and

Pitch black, dead quiet and seemingly desolate, the deep sea resembles that of a far off alien world. Until recent advancements in technology, little to none has been known about the deep sea. Far beyond the natural reach of humans, only highly expensive submersibles have visited the ocean’s deepest and darkest locations. In the Pacific Northwest, an eerie 7-mile venture underwater will take you to the deepest spot on the planet, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench.

Within explicit texts, "Into the Deep," by Spencer Kayden moreover including, "What's Down There," by Mackenzie Carro, there is a ubiquitous theme concerning the correspondence between humankind and the subterrene ocean. It investigates how we are achieving to find life submerged in the sea using modern technology. It explains that we continue to discover multiple forms of life underneath the shores using research and submersibles. Because of this detail and additional ideas pointed out in both pieces, the two are more comparable than expected.

Per Hans Christian Andersen’s account, the bottom of the ocean is nothing like what we humans imagine. Instead, a sea

The deep sea is home to many fascinating creatures that have yet to be explored by scientists for their features. These creatures can be seen as special for the way they are able to survive in the extreme sea environments. Three species, in particular, have interested scientists for their own unique ways of adapting: the giant squid, the zombie worm, and the yeti crab. Their ways of adaptations allow them to survive in the intense deep sea environments.

Great waves toss and turn with great force. Rushing as they collide with the earth soaking the soft sand. The ocean seemed to be howling as every wave grew as tall as a mountain. Slowly, the water creeps forward, then lazily seeping back in the vast ocean, only to do the same over and over again. The deep sea is a mysterious place where sea creatures lurk beneath the waves. Blue, sparkling water is everywhere you look with no end. The humming waves seem to whisper as if telling me the most confidential secret. You can never really hear them clearly until you dive in deeper and deeper.

Since the beginning of the human race, people have flocked to the ocean. The largest civilizations were built in fertile, coastal areas. Oceanographer and professor at Stanford University, Mark Denny, opened up his book, How the Ocean Works: An Introduction to Oceanography, with the statement, “Throughout history, men and women have been drawn to the sea” (Denny 1). Here in Hawaii, this is especially notable. Hawaii was discovered by islanders who were adventuring across the sea, using it to feed them and working with the currents on their journey. Now, hundreds of years later, visiting the white sandy beaches and crystal blue waters of Hawaii is on nearly the whole world’s bucket list, but it might not be around for much longer. This would be devastating to the planet, as environmental expert Jennifer Weeks says oceans supply most of the Earth’s food and oxygen (Weeks). Not only does the sea provide the most basic necessities for survival, but it has also provided “...Anticancer and antiviral drugs based on substances produced by coral reef species...” (Weeks). Despite all the research that has been done, and is currently underway right this moment, we still know less about the ocean than we do about space! Elisabeth Mann Borgese, an expert in environmentalism, has written, “Our ignorance of the ocean is profound, and although we have learned much during the last hundred years, our knowledge of ocean processes and life in the oceans will remain forever incomplete” (Borgese 23). As Borgese said, it is impossible to learn all there is to know about the sea, but knowing what to do to fix the state of the world’s oceans is vital and attainable information.

Of the 70 percent of Earth that is covered in water, approximately 60 percent is deep ocean, which measures a depth of about 10,000 meters. The deep ocean is characterized by a hydrostatic pressure 400x atmospheric pressure at sea level and temperatures dropping well below 4 degrees Celsius (Danovaro et al. 2014). Furthermore, the depth of light penetration is approximately 200 meters. The pelagic, or open ocean, zone constitutes an area that is neither close to the top nor the bottom, and it is further divided into four zones: the epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, and abyssal-pelagic. Further research into these areas have been hindered by the hypoxic, or low oxygen, and anoxic !!!!!conditions, however, with the recent technological advances, scientists are better able to understand this peculiar environment. For instance, with the use of bottom crawlers, remotely operated vehicles, and revolutionary imaging tools, scientists were able to find an updated and global estimate of the ample diversity in the pelagic zone, adding to the previous data recorded in the 1960s (Danovaro et al. 2014).

For many years humans have struggled to discover the deepest parts of the ocean and have also struggled with discovering space. We could not go really deep into the ocean, because humans can not withstand the pressure that the ocean produces. But now there is a robot that can reach the ocean floor called “The Benthic Rover”. With that new robot, scientist will be able to record how changes on the surface of the ocean will impact the marine animals below. “What is special about the rover is that we will be able to stay in the deep parts of the ocean for a really long time collecting seasonal changes data” (Engineer Alana Sherman). With Benthic Rover,