The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

| Describe how and when the different types of fire extinguishers, relevant to the given occupation, are used in accordance with legislation and official guidance.QCF641. 3.7 & 3.8

The Triangle was undoubtedly one of the most tragic events in the worlds history. The not only is the fire a horrifying event, but the factory had no safety precautions and didn’t have any emergency exits and kept doors locked. Not only did this strike sorrow on the community, but it awakened people to realize that workplace safety is a serious thing and needs to be practiced.

Inherently the fire service operates in high-risk environments to facilitate the role of preserving life safety and property conservation. How these incidents are managed and safeguarded by our administration

Thesis Statement In the early 1900s, there was a lack of health and safety restrictions in the American workplace. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire in New York, New York killed 146 people, mostly women, and children. As a result, the Fire Investigation Commission (F.I.C) and National Fire Protection Association (N.F.P.A) were created to make laws and enforce safety codes, and these government entities are still in effect today. What was the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?

There are many areas in the fire service where potential lawsuits and liability can arise; some of these areas include, but are most definitely not limited to negligence, hazing, and not following the fire department’s SOPs/SOGs. As our society has changed, so has its expectations of those in emergency services—while many in the community may think of firefighters as the pinnacle of what an upstanding citizen must look like, there are countless moral and ethical pitfalls that firefighters can fall prey to and diminish the reputation of the fire service.

Following a fire risk assessment an employer must provide the following in order to safeguard the safety of ‘everyone’ in case of fire:

Nowadays, it is almost impossible to find a building that does not have exit signs or fire extinguishers in America. Whether in a university or at the work place, exit signs and fire safety instructions can easily be found by anybody. Fire drills are regularly practiced to ensure the least amount of casualty will occur if something goes wrong. However, a hundred years ago safety issues were barely taken into considerations and safety regulations were most of the time inexistent, as illustrates the terrible fire that happened a hundred years ago at the Triangle

Making sure that the fire exits are kept clear and fire prevention equipment is kept maintained.

Around thirty labor laws were enforced in reaction to the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. A major law was enacted where employees should not have to risk their lives or health in the work place. Other laws included that all high risk building had to have automatic sprinkler systems installed and that all exits had to be unlocked and swing to the outside. It is pivotal that safety measures are taken serious and enforced in a workplace. Deadly fires are bound to happen when the owners of a company neglect the safety of their workers and that is what caused this

“Who you gonna call? Ghost Busters” (Brillstein & Reitman, 1984). In 1984, a very popular comedy movie “Ghostbusters” hit the big screen and this quote from the movie seemed to stick in everyone’s head. Today, the question that seems to be raised when there is a crisis or emergency situation is “Who you gonna call? The fire department”. In today’s society, the fire service has become the “catchall” for every kind of emergency. Do you agree? Fighting fire is still a big part of the fire service, “in 2015, every twenty-three seconds a fire department was responding to a fire” (NFPA (Ed.), 2015). However, the fire service has evolved from just “putting the wet stuff on the red stuff” mentality, to a profession of highly trained and skilled firefighters. Ever since the discovery of fire there has been a need for methods to manage it if, and when, it gets out of control. Throughout history, to keep up with the changing environment in which we live, civilization and the fire service have made numerous changes. With fewer fires, and more products being manufactured from plastics and other dangerous chemicals, the fire service must be vigilant in developing new methods to keep firefighters safe and justify their job while providing the most efficient service for the citizens.

Fire protection engineering, or the application of science and engineering to protect people and their environment from fire, has been around for centuries. The problem with advancements in this field is that they are preventative and, if ahead of their time, often seen as unnecessary. As a result, they are usually not considered or implemented until after severe tragedy has struck. A prime example of this is also the first recorded use of fire protection engineering. In AD 64, Emperor Nero had regulations drawn up that required fireproof materials used in the external walls to the city. This, of course, happened only after an estimated seventy percent of Rome was lost to fire. More noticeable regulations happened

Ideally, a comprehensive heat stress program will include several elements, including environmental and medical monitoring (i.e., measurements of pulse rate, oral temperature, and/or weight loss) (OSHA, 1993). Sites also lacked verbal warnings of potential heat stress hazards nor crew rest areas, which endangers personal wellbeing. The heat stress protocols of the organization all varied inconsistently and did not entail a comprehensive program. Between the five superfund incinerator sites multiple citations were issued, thus accumulating to thousands in fines. The citations ranged in severity; from improperly secured high-voltage boxes (Citation 1910.305(b),(g)) to inadequately grounded or bonded drums used to transfer flammable liquids (Citation 1910.106) (OSHA, 1993). Supervisors must implement on-going self-assessment programs that monitor and evaluate employee health and skills. Regular assessment is imperative to ensure employees are aware of their surroundings and adhere to

The PEPCON facility was broken up into multiple buildings, the most important of which to this incident is the batch-drying building located in the southwest portion of the facility (map of PEPCON is attached as Appendix A) (Routley, n.d., p. 22). The batch dryer was used to blend and dry AP to prepare it for final packing, however, this facility was not suitable for this work due to its construction. The building was constructed of combustible fiberglass with steel supports (Routley, n.d., p.8). AP residue built up on the fiberglass and accelerated the fire out of control once it started (Routley, n.d., p.8). This risk was known by PEPCON as there had been previous fires in this building, however nothing was done to deter future fires (Case

I truly enjoyed reading the material for this week 's discussion. I found it fascinating to read how these people of passion were so revered as leaders. Something I found difficult while reading the stories of these various leaders was the details of what they did within their respective industries that made them successful. Although I recognize the importance of the details, I found myself continually fanaticizing about how the many different approaches would directly translate to the fire service. Because of the uniqueness of the fire service as an industry, I found it easier to relate to themes and concepts rather than the details. 'Strengths Based Leadership ' by Tom Rath and Barry Conchie For example Simon Cooper stated: "people create memories, not things. If we ask guests what color the carpet was in their guest room, they probably won 't know. The real value comes from the ladies and gentlemen (employees) who bring that hotel to life. Ten percent is the platform, but the rest is people. (Rath & Conchie, 2008, p. 43) As I read this I couldn 't help but think of the fact that our customers in the emergency response world (fire service) likely remember more about how we treat them than what uniform we wear or what kind of apparatus we arrive in, so long as we bring true caring and compassion to their bedside. In addition Cooper 's people over platform approach was obvious in this Rath & Conchie description: "then when he talked of the night-and-day difference that a

The company can also ensure the installment of fire extinguishers and fire exit doors within the firm’s premises to create better channels of evacuation during fire outbreaks. In addition, smoke detectors and alarms should also be installed to signify and create warnings in case of such.