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The Natural Family Planning ( Safe Period )

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3- Natural family planning ( safe period):
Natural family planning is one of the most widely utilized means of birth control, espicially for those whom their religion or their cultural beliefs do not authorize devices or drugs for birth control. This method includes periodic abstinence, to avoid intercourse during a female 's fertile period, which is around the time of ovulation. Determination of the fertile period involve the calendar method, cervical mucus method, or the symptothermal method technique.
The calendar method is based on 3 hypotheses as follows: The human ovum can be fertilized only for approximately 24 hours after ovulation, spermatozoa can maintain their ability of fertilizing for only 48 hours after coitus, and ovulation usually occurs 12-16 days before the onset of the subsequent menestruation. The menses is recorded for 6 cycles to estimate the fertile period. The earliest day of the fertile period is calculated by the number of days in the shortest menstrual cycle subtracted by 18. The latest day of the fertile period is assessed by the number of days in the longest cycle subtracted by 11.
* Efficacy:
The failure rate in typical utilization is estimated to be approximately 25%.
* Advantages:
No adverse effects from hormones occur. This may be the only method acceptable to couples for cultural or religious beliefs. Immediate return to fertility occurs with termination of utilization.
* Disadvantages:
This is most suitable for female with standard and

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