The Neoliberalism of Human Trafficking

Globalization has, for better or worse, altered the economic arena for every country in the world. For many less developed countries, globalization has leveled the playing field so that their economies can compete with the larger, more developed ones such as the United States and other large western economies. For instance, technical engineers in India and China are now just as qualified as engineers in America, but at half the cost. The once large and prosperous service sector in the United States as well as telemarketing services have largely been sourced to India as a large exodus of American multinational corporations find cheaper workers who deliver comparable quality. This then seems to be the essence of globalization - businesses

According to estimates, more than 700,000 people are trafficked every year for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour. They are transported across borders and sold into modern-day slavery. Over the past decade, trafficking in human beings has reached epidemic proportions. No country is immune. Clawson (2009) discusses how the search for

Globalization has done a tremendous disservice to those that seek to create wealth and resource equality. Globally it has created a system where as the counties with access to strong markets, copious resources, and relatively educated populations will succeed, while those countries that lag behind in categories such as those willhave a difficult time maintaining in the global economic system.

Opening Statement The crisis of human trafficking has been an issue for centuries, what is the root of the problem? Why is this atonable crime still an issue in 2015? Exercise of human trafficking is stimulated by the absence of economic advantage, opportunity in the work force, and gender discrimination. As Shelley says in her article, "Human Trafficking as Transnational Organized Crime," there are both push and pull factors that stimulate the result of human trafficking.

What is a globalization? It is the tendency of businesses, companies, or technologies to spread throughout all over the world. Sometimes it called the global economy. It is represented as an interconnection of businesses and marketplaces with unhampered by national boundaries. The globalization is important for every people around the world, especially the people in the United State as a system that will make people go to the civilization. Although globalization is the way of civilization, it is still promoted inequality in the US in the world by perfidiousness and oppressed of employee, and also preform like a wall for people in the US to achieve their American Dream harder by taking advantage in the business between an employer and employees.

Through International Relations theory lenses, especially the Feminist lens, the issue of human trafficking is easily identified as an international crisis. Not only is this a human rights and security issue, but a gendered one at that. Approximately 80% of the exploitation that comes from human trafficking is in a sexual nature, and a majority of trafficking victims are female (“11 Facts about Human Trafficking”). There is a clear stance from the feminist theory perspective that it is the states’ responsibility, and even duty, to protect vulnerable females from subjugation and mistreatment that comes from the global human trafficking system.

Hodge’s article, “Sexual Trafficking in the United States: A Domestic Problem with Transnational Dimensions” details how many victims are trafficked into the United States from foreign nations, how a trafficker escalates crimes against individual victims until they are successfully being trafficked, the repercussions of trafficking, and possible solutions for the sex trafficking issue in the United States. He begins by stating that while accurate statistics and data on sex trafficking are difficult to obtain or even estimate due to victims who do not report, sex trafficking is undoubtedly a problem. Many victims are trafficked into the United States and other wealthy countries from countries which struggle economically, and their traffickers profit greatly from exploiting them. Traffickers target the poor, the disabled the young, the uneducated, and anyone else at a societal disadvantage. Once a traffickers current victims become unable to work due to breakdowns or undesirable to customers due to age or attractiveness, they are replaced with new victims. Victims have recently become increasingly younger and racially diverse to meet customer demands. The victims can be manipulated into sex trafficking a variety of ways. Fake job advertisements are made to appeal to women who will actually be forced into trafficking. Some women are promised a better life when they join the profitable trafficking business. Others are tricked into believing they owe a trafficker money and must prostitute to pay off their debt. Some are simply kidnapped. Some girls are sold to traffickers by their families, who are promised money sent home and better opportunities for the girl in a country such as the United States. Once the victim has been secured, they are abused and coerced until they are reliant on the trafficker. Traffickers may start with smaller offenses, such as forcing the victim to be in pornography, and work their way up to forced prostitution. Traffickers may also

This work problematizes current these approaches to trafficking as a “law and order” by reframing the problem of trafficking as a global migratory response to current globalizing socioeconomic trends, a plea for more comprehensive approaches to trafficking. As Anne Gallagher explains, trafficking lies at one extreme end of the emigration continuum , a call to account for macro factors that encourage, induce or compel migration. Traffickers, being opportunity-seeking by nature, simply take advantage of the resulting vulnerabilities to make a profit. A call for a broader view of human trafficking as a product of the larger socioeconomic forces that feed the push and pulls factors toward risky labor practices in our globalized economy is warrant.

It is important to note that globalization is deeply rooted in the global economy. As globalization continues to make the world smaller and more accessible to everyone, it creates a much richer environment for the exploitation of disadvantaged and uninformed people. One of the biggest ways globalization has affected trafficking is forced labor. Through free trade and markets, foreign labor is cheaper, in many cases because children or adults are being forced to work for little to no money. A good example of this would be the trans-Atlantic trading of slaves that occurred many centuries ago. The interesting fact here is that the demand for more products to be shipped to or from a country, the opportunity for a trafficker to move people under their control into or out of an area. Another way that globalization has facilitated the trafficking of persons is the relaxation in borders and enforcement in the interest of free trade agreements. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) is a perfect example of how the US government changed its control policy on enforcement at it’s borders with Canada and

Intro: The globalization phenomenon has presented a wide variety of contradictions. As an onset of globalization one would believe that due to the rapidly expanding and interconnected world, more opportunities which foster growth would be presented. Though gender equality is a prime example of a facet of globalization which has continued to fluctuate through time, creating paradoxes in its path. At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution the relationship between private and public spheres based on gender were very prominent.

Slavery has been around for ages. There has always been someone forcing others to do their will. But slavery drags on in modern times, especially today. Modern day slavery, otherwise known as human trafficking, is defined by Encyclopedia Britannica as “...the illegal transport of individuals by force or deception for the purpose of labor, sexual exploitation, or activities in which others benefit financially” (“Human”). Slavery is not an issue of the past. It has waxed and waned throughout history, and will never cease unless something is done to stop it. Human trafficking is a serious issue in the world, the United States, and even in Iowa.

Dunne believes that policy makers have focused too much on fighting voluntary prostitution, which he believes is not human trafficking. I agree with the author, that more of the focus should be on the other types of human trafficking. However, I disagree with the author that prostitution should not be a focus, because it might be difficult to determine which cases are voluntary and which are involuntary. I plan to use this information in my research paper because Dunne provides important information about how how definitions of human trafficking are used in beneficial and unbeneficial ways.

Human trafficking is a billion dollar industry and is arguably the fastest growing criminal enterprise in the world. It exists in every country. It’s victims are both old and young, black and white, and spans every socioeconomic bracket. The Department of Homeland Security defines human trafficking as, ‘a modern-day form of slavery involving the illegal trade of people for exploitation or commercial gain’ (What Is Human Trafficking?). While people are trafficked for a majority of reasons, the most common are sexual exploitation and forced labor. It’s estimated that the industry of human trafficking generates $11 billion dollars annually on a global scale (Ngwe, J. E., PhD., & Elechi, O. O.). When we hear about human trafficking most of

There are many ways to look at and understand modern globalization. In general terms, globalization means that the world, as a whole, is leading to a more utopian society, meaning that the globe is become very interconnected and similarities are growing between different regions and cultures of the world. Globalization is a phenomenon that has been evolving since before 10,000 B.C. This constant evolution can cause many problems, but it can also solve many issues positively as well. Development of any country, however, seems to be a key issue when discussing globalization. Globalization and development present two different factors in the world today. Many countries are lacking in their own development while the world around them is becoming more developed and globalized. Globalization hinders development because with globalization, less developed countries depend on more developed countries to help them to sustainability and self-reliance.

Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness among the countries most in the most known popular areas of economics, politics, social, and culture. All of these areas are key aspects of each country and what makes them individualized. Globalization allows for countries to be able to be individuals without the conflict of their differences because of the power used to work as a whole globe. Globalization is a positive thing for the entire world, it allows for lots of development in our world by the connection there is between all of the countries interdependence on each other. The different points of globalization claim that it will lead to convergence of income, access to knowledge and technology, consumption power, living standards, and political ideas.