The Neural Basis Of Conceptual Knowledge

This video is about The Behaving Brain; it explains how the brain and amnesia work. According to the video, neurons duties are to receive information from other cells, process this information, and transmitting it to the rest of the body. This is done by traveling through dendrites, to the soma, to the axon, to the terminal buttons. Constant nerve flow helps regulate our metabolism, temperature, and respiration. It also enables learning and the ability to comprehend. The brain is connected to the brain stem, which is connected to the cerebellum, which is connected to the limbic system. The limbic system is made up of the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, where things are

The brain consists of billions of neurones and trillions of connections. Those neurones are able to ‘represent’ things

There are many thoughts or factors that go into how we judge and treat others that we may not be aware of. The book breaks them down into two categories unconscious and conscious thoughts. Our unconscious brain is gathering information from a very small age and continues to constantly work to help you understand what is going on in the world around you. Our unconscious brain is programed to stereotype from birth. An example of this is how infants at three months can distinguish faces of different races from their own. They tend to prefer the faces of their own race over others which was determined by how long the infant looks at the different faces (p128). This was not taught by a parent or others which brings to our attention that some stereotyping

Challenging the Second Premise of the Standard Argument As alluded to earlier, there is a common distinction drawn in the literature between two types of multiple realization. The first type states that the same psychological states are realized across distinct physical structures via distinct mechanisms. In other words, any species that plausibly experiences mental state, M¡, experience the same type of mental state, M¡, via distinct physical type structures and M¡ is thus multiply realized. Lewis (1969) influentially argued that this is not inconsistent with the identity theory of mind however. Lewis emphasises the importance of context and the relativity it grants the claims of the identity theorist.

Jensen speaks about the problem-solving brain and restates some thinking skills related to the problem-solving brain. Pick two of these thinking skills and connect them to any aspect of chapters 1 through 7 of Graves.

If there was an external linguistic stimulus that triggered the conceptualization of this idea, the process would begin with auditory comprehension in Wernicke’s area of the dominant hemisphere. This stimulus would arrive either from the primary auditory cortices through

It is clear that we do not identify objects by their specificity to an ideal form, but rather by the ambiguity of their forms. As brains do not work in a maximally specific way, in that even though one may think that the horse they imagine is rich in detail it is actually not. To imagine a horse is not to imagine with maximal specificity the length of each individual hair, but to imagine in a general sense the qualities we can identify at a glance such as it’s shape. We in fact remember such forms as a horse not by the specificity of it’s form but by the general ambiguous form shared by all horses. It is the ambiguity of the form of a horse in our memories that allows all horses to be identified as horses. We identify or recognize, not

Throughout the text, the word ‘neocortex’ is brought up a plentiful amount of times. Over time, the idea of certain items evolves into complex statements that’ll potentially be understood by the reader after they endure the various explanations over a chapter or more. To exemplify this, the term ‘neocortex’ first appears in the introduction; where the basic description of its responsibility to deal with patterns of information(10). Further along, in chapter three, the same term advances into a labyrinth of connections. Not only does this mass, that consists of eighty percent of the human brain, influence memory patterns and such, but that it, “is a comparable hierarchy of pattern recognizers processing actual images of objects...and a hierarchy of concepts… and a hierarchy of thought,”(49). What this means is that our memory is prone to a humans main five senses: smell, sight, hearing, touch, and taste. If one

Findings from animal and human studies further suggest that the amygdala processes stimuli that are ambiguous and for which additional

Many people believe that liking and disliking food involves the taste of the food itself and the effect it has on our mouths, however, this is not the case. The body part responsible for controlling our desire and enjoyment of food is, in fact, our brains. More specifically, it is controlled by a small clump of neurons in the middle of the brain, part of the brain's parietal lobe. These neurons stimulate our fondness for different foods by rewarding us with a small feeling of joy when we eat certain foods. They trigger a circuit of hotspots in our brain that releases neurochemical signals of pleasure, including opioids, orexins, and endocannabinoids. This amplifies the feeling of pleasure and plays a key part in our love for certain foods.

This marvelous, complex organ is considered to be the command center that controls our every move, and thought. However enigmatic in its own rite, it holds many ambiguities, and the key to unlocking man’s ever growing temptation to discover new ideas and concepts. Man’s perception of the brain has changed significantly. For centuries, the concept of how the brain works has intrigued man’s understanding. Man is fascinated with the human brain, its functions, and physiology. Consequently, why we discriminate, prejudge, stereotype and engage in racist acts seems to be a big mystery. Moreover, man can use his brain to find cures to heal and eradicate diseases, but he cannot seem to find a cure for the discriminatory,

Humphreys and Bruce (1989) proposed a model of object recognition that fits a wider context of cognition. According to them, the recognition of objects occurs in a series of stages. First, sensory input is generated, leading to perceptual classification, where the information is compared with previously stored descriptions of objects. Then, the object is recognized and can be semantically classified and subsequently named. This approach is, however, over-simplified. Other theories like Marr and Nishihara’s and Biederman’s

Beginning in the 1980’s, Spelke began development on her theory known as the ‘core knowledge’ theory. It was proposed that infants have the foundations for a number of cognitive abilities that develop into far more complex cognitive abilities as they age. Amongst others, these abilities include the knowledge of object representation, a concept of differences in the amount of something, and their spatial surroundings. Spelke suggested that these processes are innate, therefore present from birth, and domain specific, therefore meaning that these different structures of cognition are independent of each other. Contrary to what Piaget suggested, Spelke theorised that children are far more cognitively adept in regards to simple cognitive tasks and that these cognitive abilities are improved as the infant learns (Carey & Spelke, 1994).Throughout this paper, some aspects of cognition will be examined as well as evaluated.

The brain mechanism of conceptual congruency effect remains unclear. In this project, we will use fMRI technique to investigate which brain regions involve the conceptual congruency effect of mental metaphorical

When we first unconsciously ‘activate’ a schema, the brain selects what part of aspects of experience we encode. However, when the brain encodes a new experience that may have different properties, but overall may be similar structure; specific details regarding might be getting rid of.