The New Echota Treaty

settlers. A treaty was formed by Thomas Jefferson between the settlers and the Indians. Both

The Cherokee Indians on the other hand faced conflicts that were not like any of the above Indian tribes. They were the last tribe to fight for their land which was in the Appalachian Mountains. The Cherokees were basically became their own country. They had a developed Republican Government, and their own Constitution. They had many conflicts with America though. For example, they had the same land claimed as Georgia causing a big problem that ended up in the Supreme Court. In this case the judges could not decide who had claim of the disputed land. After this, Andrew Jackson persuaded a small group of the Cherokees to sign the Treaty of New Echota. This allowed the American Government ownership to the Cherokee territory, in return America gave them new land west of the Mississippi River

The Treaty of Hopewell in 1785 established borders between the United States and the Cherokee Nation offered the Cherokees the right to send a “deputy” to Congress, and made American settlers in Cherokee territory subject to Cherokee law. With help from John Ross they helped protect the national territory. In 1825 the Cherokees capital was established, near present day Calhoun Georgia. The Cherokee National Council advised the United States that it would refuse future cession request and enacted a law prohibiting the sale of national land upon penalty of death. In 1827 the Cherokees adopted a written constitution, an act further removed by Georgia. But between the years of 1827 and 1831 the Georgia legislature extended the state’s jurisdiction over the Cherokee territory, passed laws purporting to abolish the Cherokees’ laws and government, and set in motion a process to seize the Cherokees’ lands, divide it into parcels, and other offer some to the lottery to the white Georgians.

In the year of 1828, the president Andrew Jackson was appointed to the office of the American government with this the fact of the remaining Indians tribes were important which were named “The Five Civilized Tribes” including the Cherokee and with the pass of the “Treaty of Etocha” forced the Cherokee out of the land of Georgia also known as the “Trail of Tears” where thousands upon thousands of Cherokee were killed during the extraction of the Cherokee’s land.

They soon received about 32 million acres of land in Oklahoma. Jackson soon after the act relocated 10,000 members of the 5 tribe. The Cherokees tried to sue the government because they have adapted well to the "white culture" and now is being moved to a different location. Unfortunately because they were just Native Americans they had no legal standing in the court. They were forced to move and when the refused the event Trail of Tears occurred.

Until 1828, the federal government agreed that Cherokee had rights to their land, but when Andrew Jackson was elected President, that all ended. Jackson refused to believe that the tribes were sovereign and thus viewed Indian treaties, as an absurdity

Indian Springs treaty, February 12 1825 - This treaty was gonna give the state of alabama 3 million acres but the indians had to move

Since neither the United States nor Native Americans would give up their goals, the government of United States figured that to win Native Americans and get all they wanted, government needed to spend lots of money and time. The United States tried to figure out a peaceful way to communicate with Native Americans. The new workable system fell to President George Washington’s first Secretary of War Henry Knox (p. 10).Henry Knox brought a new relation between Americans and Native Americans. Knox and Washington believed that the “uncivilized” Indian life was based on them not knowing better. On the other hand, their inferiority was cultural not racial (p. 11). In 1791 they announced the Cherokees may be led to a greater civilized society instead of remaining hunters. So women started to weave cloth, these Cherokee planters became rich, and the first law established in 1808 was about preventing the theft horses, also Cherokees invented a system for writing the Cherokee language.

With the Indian Removal Act passing through both houses of Congress, Jackson was free to begin his so-called negotiations. The Choctaws were the first to sign a treaty with the United States government. They were allowed to stay on a small area of their land, but they were given little protection. Their land was mercilessly stolen from them by nearby white settlers, and the government turned its eye while it happened. Sadly, the group had no other option but to give up their land and move west (PBS.org).

In 1831, the Cherokee nation went to court against the state of Georgia. They were disputing the state’s attempt to hold jurisdiction over their territory. Unfortunately, because they are not under the laws of the constitution, the Indian’s right to court was denied. It was not until 1835 that the Cherokee finally agreed to sign the treaty, giving up their Georgia land for that of Oklahoma.

The Treaty of Echota gave up all the indian land east of the Mississippi for 5 million dollars. The Cherokee would receive land in the Indian Territory. They were also promised things they would lose including livestock, tools, and other

First of all, the Indian tribes claimed their land. For example, article #2 stated, “ The Cherokee lived in what is now northern Georgia more than-one hundred years before the Georgians arrived.” This means that the Indian tribes started settling in the land way before the actual Georgians arrived. Also, article #2 stated, “ In the case of Worcester vs. Georgia (1832), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the state of Georgia couldn't force the Cherokee off of their land.” This shows that the U.S. even agreed that the Indian tribes had no right of moving from the land they claimed. Even though the U.S. government offered the Indian tribes more than “one square mile per person”

Cherokee rights were also decreasing. They were no longer allowed to have businesses; they couldn't testify against the white in court, and they were prohibited to mind for the gold. Majjor Ridge and his family had decided that enough was enough and that they should just retreat from the area. John Ross on the other hand had decided that the Indians should continue to fight for the land because they were there first. Tragically for the Indians, the 1835 Treaty of Echota was illegitimately signed and approved saying that all of the Indians were to move to the west side of the Mississippi River in exchange for five

An agreement that they agreed was Adams-Onís Treaty. One agreement was the Spanish agreed to set the limits of their territory. According to the text it said, "what is now California’s northern border and gave up any claim to Oregon." Another one is that Adams had made an agreement with Britain. According to what I read it has said that they made an agreement of joint occupation of the area. This meant that both the United States and Great Britain could settle in orogen. Finally when Adams became president he had proposed that the two nations would be divided in Oregon. Britain refused so then they made in agreement that Britain and Americans could settle their instead of just dividing it into two.

A peace agreement was signed in 1861, which included government rations for the tribe. The ratios were given in a festive atmosphere, which including events