The New Union Of South Africa

During the period of Apartheid in South Africa between 1948 and 1994 the reactions of the South African citizens towards the legal separation of races varied depending on race, ideals and time period. After gold and diamonds were fud inSouthAfrica both the dutch and British wanted the land to themselves, leading to the Boer War from which the Dutch farmers emerged victorious. Following the Boer War and the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the Dutch Boers gained control over the majority of the land in the previously British Cape Colony along with the settlements they had already built, the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Blacks in South Africa made up about eighty percent of the population but only lived on ten percent of

Working in the British mines in the 1800s was not very different from slavery because both slaves and mine workers begin at a young age, had no rest during work hours, and were punished for a variety of reasons.

Thereafter thousands of British immigrated to South Africa to work in or control the mining industry. It could be said that the ‘history of twentieth-century southern Africa is to a very large extent dominated by the history of mining’ which to a certain extent is true. Most of the imperial expansion in South Africa at first glance does appear to have economic reasons. This can be further seen with Cecil Rhodes when he extended British influence to the northern reaches of South Africa in search for a second rand in which his whole expedition looks to be like conquistadores in search of land and gold . In 1910 the Transvaal republic was annexed by Britain, while economic reasons seem reasonable at first it can be argued that ‘political control of the Transvaal was not sought in order to control the gold-mines nor secure access to the supply of gold’ , that the British wanted to unify the region as part of the British Empire. Originally however, the importance of South Africa to the British was to protect the sea route to India, which was still vital, even after the Suez Canal was built, because the British were sure that they could defend the Cape with their naval strength, but were not so sure about the defence of the Suez if needed. Gallagher and Robinson assert that ‘Great Britain was in South Africa primarily to safeguard the routes to the east’ . However, this is still an economic factor. That Britain wanted to protect trade and strategy in the east, and while

In the first chapter of the book Keller emphasizes the continuing adversities the South African people had to endure. When minors in the city of Kimberly started uncovering valuable minerals this made it possible for the Afrikaners (white superiors) to easily entrap, and arraign the South Africans. Afrikaners are a group of South Africans who descended from mainly Dutch settlers and have traditionally dominated South Africa’s politics and agriculture. Also, the mines allowed the Afrikaners to take possession of the imminent profits and oppress the Africans. The Afrikaners collected a lot of resources from these mines, in which they sold to make money. In doing this the South Africans sink deeper into poverty. African people worked in these mines while the dominant whites would strip them of their rights and belongings forcing them into

With this, the Black Codes were made. As the constitutional rights foundation says, in the Black Codes anyone with a certain amount of negro in them had to follow the Codes. In them, people were restricted from their rights, and labor contracts were allowed. The constitutional rights foundation also says, “It banned black people from possessing most firearms, making or selling liquor, and coming into the state without first posting a bond for ‘good behavior.’ The code made it illegal for African Americans to sell any farm products without written permission from their white employer…

John Kumalo’s approach to bring racial equality back to the people of South Africa was to balance the economic equality between the blacks and the whites. During this time, many of the black people worked the rigorous mines of South Africa by constantly digging for gold. It was Kumalo’s idea to “get a share in it. For it is the gold of the whole people, the white and the black and the colored and the Indian” (218). This was his approach to the solution of racial injustice; he wanted his people to receive the same wage of the whites so that they could be considered equal men to each other.

     While the foreigners were diamond hunting, the African people continued to mine for gold. Soon, though, the diamond industry lost its popularity which an enormous amount of gold was found near present day Johannesburg. Many of the businessmen that had made fortunes in the diamond industry left and established a series of gold-mining companies. Once again the native African people were being taken over by the foreigners.

The Apartheid was initiated as a ploy for Europeans to better control the exploited populations for economic gain, as maintaining tension between the different racial classifications diverted attention from the Europeans as it fed hatred between groups. This assisted in minimizing unity between the exploited to rally against European control as it backhandedly induced “submission” for survival. One way of accomplishing this was by instilling laws that’d force segregation, classification, educational “requirements”, and economic purposes. The Population Registration Act of 1950 enacted, requiring segregation of Europeans from Afrikaans . Following shortly, the Group Areas Act of 1950 was enacted as a new form of legislation alongside the Population Registration Act. This detailed act separated tribes based on ethnics; consequently, further detailing segregation amongst the natives .

As the anti-apartheid struggle ramped up in South Africa in the 1980s, the Kagiso Trust was formed as a NGO to support the struggle against apartheid and to distribute funds from the European Union and other donors. This was to provide the uplifting and empowerment of disadvantaged communities in South Africa through various development initiatives. At this stage, the core focus of the Kagiso Trust was on “building partnerships and collaborations to strengthen the implementation capacity of people and organisations in development”[1]. Following South Africa’s transition into democracy in 1994, the Kagiso Trust refocused its goals and efforts on education [1], which is considered a critical component in the eradication of inequality.

the mines. The addition of the African people changed the social hierarchy and a new mix of

From the 17th century until the early 1900’s, European countries were fighting to get tracks of land across Africa. Although South Africa was unified by Great Britain in 1910, the African National Congress was formed two years later. It was only on Dec 11, 1931 after World War II when Britain gave South Africa its’ independence as a country. For the first sixty years after South Africa was claimed independent, white minority rulers dominated the country. South Africa is now an independent Nation but is still a member of the British Commonwealth.

South Africa is world leading in mining. The discovery of minerals in this country has attractive many investors and has been the backbone of the country’s economy – leading to many benefits that the people of South Africa could take advantage of. However, not all the benefits are shared equally, and there is a lot of exploitation surrounding the mining sector. This essay will be discussing the issues surrounding the labour exploitation in the mines and the resulting consequences.

The Ezra Siyadhuba Archaeological Research Project proposes to investigate the changing patterns of political and social organization in Southern Africa during the 19th century. The project focuses on how social and economic practices were transformed by the way the political system of the state worked on the people. The study will answer the questions asked about whether the Ndebele people who migrated continued with their political and social status that they had before in Kwazulu Natal. Data will be collected by archaeological survey and test excavations over a series of three field seasons between July 2015 and September 2015.The data collected and survey

(J McCulloch p.142). The only position they could get was that of a labourer, they lived as servants since they were also refused permission to even trade in minerals (J McCulloch p.142). Africans were not even allowed to own their own land in the SAR (J McCulloch p.144). A law was even passed by the SAR mining law that no coloured person may be a licence holder or in any way be connected with the working of the gold mines except if it was only in the service of a white man (J McCulloch p.142-144). People were separated into races and classes where whites were the superiors (J McCulloch p.145). The same again mineral revolution did cost black South Africans their lands and then ruthlessly made to relocate to towns (C van Onselen p.368). In a conclusive manner Africans could only get a position of being attendants, farmers, labourers, prisoners or just common people (C van Onselen

South Africa endured one of the worst colonialisation any country could have went through, whereby the Apartheid regime objectively disregarded the economic participation of the black over to those of the white population. However, the new democratic government would thereby be challenged with effectively having to deal with the challenges in which the past government had left behind. Therefore, in effectively trying to deal with the issues, alternative approaches have to be implemented in order to deliver on the challenges of the public. On the contrary, this essay will critically compare and discuss the liberal and free market, as well as the state interventionist approach as alternative solutions in dealing with current issues of social security, the health and school systems. Which would be able to transform current developmental challenges facing South Africa. In summary, the essay will thereby state which approach can transform South Africa in effectively dealing with developmental challenges currently facing South Africa.