The New Zealand 's Landscape

Furthermore, factory farms pollute drinking water sources. Manure and fertilizers are rich in nitrates and phosphates, which are very unhealthy for living things. They pollute groundwater sources by seeping in through lagoons of waste sewage that factory farms create. Lagoons of animal feces and spent fertilizers are a very cheap way of dealing with waste (NRDC). The chemicals travel through the soil to groundwater that the local communities depend on. Ingesting nitrate tainted water will lower the amount of oxygen a person can intake. This can lead to death for infants. Some of the pollutants can reach open waters if they are carried by rain or irrigation water, called runoff. Runoff pollutes ponds, lakes, oceans, and other open bodies of water. Polluted waters with high levels of nitrates kill fish, aquatic plants, and other aquatic organisms because they experience the same problems with oxygen intake. High levels of phosphorus in our waters cause algae blooms in open bodies of water. Algae blooms disrupt the ecosystem in the water and kill the organisms living in the water. They use up all the oxygen in

All across america, cows are confined to crowded, almost prison-like cells, with little to no regard to their health. They are forced to eat food that includes such ingredients like manure, cement, or even cow brains. This is one side of farming, but there is another. This farming has cows and other animals living how they would in nature, across rolling hills and bright green grasses. This is the essence of Local Sustainable farming. As defined in Michael Pollan’s award-winning commentary about the food we eat, The Omnivore’s Dilemma, the Local Sustainable Food Chain, one of four possible food chains, is characterized by not using pesticides, treating animals humanely, and sustainably creating healthier organic food. Out of Michael Pollan’s food chains, the Local Sustainable Food Chain is the best for America as it is much less harmful to the environment and lets animals live in their natural states.

Before we can talk about how animal agriculture waste shapes our environment, we must first know exactly what it is and how much of it there is.

The exponential growth of human population, caused an unprecedented problem for the global ecosystem. (Carolina EcoKits, 2012) The increase in pollution brought upon great fear and concern about what types of contaminants were in the foods and water supply for citizens. In 1977, the Clean Water Act was passed, the act ensured that any release of pollutants at toxic levels into any water source was forbidden. (Carolina EcoKits, 2012) It allowed for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set guidelines and standards for how pollutants were emptied in navigable waters. (Carolina EcoKits, 2012)

The ethics of animal production for food did not represent a concern by society until about 25 years ago. The public's awareness of both environmental consequences and effects of production systems on the animals welfare have become perpetually evident over the years. From an environmental perspective, the local grass-fed beef production will have a much smaller impact on the environment compared to the grain-fed production method. Grain-fed beef have to be shipped to the feedlots, incurring high energy costs in the transportation process. Manure at feed lots is not always properly disposed of, leading to foul odors, harmful natural gases, and the potential for leaching into the groundwater, contaminating local groundwater/drinking water supplies. Water pollution is by far the largest environmental impact. Research has shown that runoff resulting from cattle production has polluted at least 170,000 miles of river, 2,000,000 acres of lakes, and 1,800 square miles of estuaries. This is a major ethical issue, as water is our number one resource

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations I. Introduction A. Hook: Can you visualize your world is being harmed and you cannot help it. B. Thesis/Purpose Statement: The United States federal government should ban concentrated animal feeding operations. C. Preview of Main Points: 1. First I will talk about the problems of concentrated animal feeding operations 2. Second, I will talk about the causes of these problems.

“Domestic and export market forces, technological changes, and industry adaptations” are all causes of the shift from traditional farming (Unified). CAFOs are replacing traditional farming practicing resulting in an increase in pollution and an increase in animal waste. Waste from CAFOs may contain “nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus), organic matter, sediments, pathogens, heavy metals, hormones, antibiotics, and ammonia, which is then carried into local water sources risking human health (Unified). Currently, it is more economically beneficial to support a CAFO than traditional farming, even though there is a substantial differ-ence in environmental

Not only is the agriculture business profoundly responsible for pollution of Earth’s oceans, but it also uses 80-90% of the global water supply (Andersen and Kuhn). As of 2016, there are nearly 783 million people who do not have access to clean water, and over six million deaths a year related to water disasters and diseases (UNESCO Water Corp). Despite this daunting fact, meat industries in America alone produced 25.8 billion pounds of beef in 2013 (North American Meat Institute). It takes about 2,500 gallons of water to produce one pound of beef. So, in 2013 alone, American meat industries consumed about 6.5 trillion gallons of water (Andersen and Kuhn).

The cattle industry produces vast amounts of strain in the environment. It is energy inefficient, pollutes water, occupies many acres of land, and deteriorates the health of the people who abuse its consumption. The government subsidizes this industry. Therefore, the price paid for meat doesn’t reflect the environmental hazards involved in the process. In order to protect our health and the health of the environment we should pay close attention to our food choices and make sure we don’t support industries that degrade it.

Australia is often described as an ancient continent due to its dated rocks and landscape. The Australian continent has had it present outline since some time between 150 and 50 Ma. (Wilford & Brown, in Hill, 1994, Chapter 2). Australia’s modern landscapes preserve much of their past history and origin, more so than in many other parts of the world due to low erosion rate. Factors contributing to the low erosion rate are relative tectonic stability, low relief, lack of Quaternary glaciation, low precipitation (national average yearly rainfall of 465 millimetres) and presence of high resistance rock. Not at all like Europe and North America, where a few scenes go back to around 20,000 years prior, when ice sheets withdrew, the period

This issue interests me because of the potential impacts the waste of water for agriculture has on vulnerable populations of people with already limited capital needed to access food and water as prices continue to go up. Historically, communities of color are hit hardest by policies and practices favoring capitalists in the neoliberal system under which we live. The growing trend of privatization of water coupled with decline in the economic stability of the U.S. has the potential to severely decimate low- income communities of color in the years to come. This issue impacts the environment as a whole due to the reckless waste of valuable water. According to a research study conducted by Tilman, Gassman, Matson, Naylor & Polasky (2002), The increasingly unsustainable methods associated with meat production, pose a huge threat to food production and ecosystems at large. Specific environmental health issues related to industrial meat production include water pollution/waste and climate change.

The agriculture farming industry needs to wake up and see the harm that conventional farming is doing to our beloved planet earth and realize that organic farming could be our planets superhero. Conventional farming uses a high level of nitrogen to help crops grow in mass production. These fertilizers sometimes get into the normal irrigation and eventually end up in rivers and oceans. A 2004 United Nations article estimated that "most of the 160 million tons of nitrogen used as fertilizer annually ends up in the sea"(Conventional Farming...). Why is this bad? The fertilizer that ends up in the ocean creates algal blooms which have neurotoxins in them that suck the oxygen out of the water creating dead zones. These are places in the ocean where no animal or plant can survive due to the lack of oxygen. This is why society needs to move away from conventional farming and start focusing on organic farming because it can reduce the negative effects that our food choices have on the planets health; ultimately organic farming helps by creating a healthier environment for the planet to keep surviving.

New Zealand has 425,000 kilometres of rivers and streams, almost 4,000 lakes larger than 1 hectare in size, and about 200 groundwater aquifers (Ministry for the Environment, 2010). By international standards, freshwater in New Zealand is both clean and in good supply. However, some aspects of water quality are getting worse in areas dominated by intensive land use. Demand for water is increasing, particularly in areas that are already water-stressed. Water pollution is becoming an ongoing problem for New Zealand. Both Urban and Rural land uses are creating pollution in our water and degrading the quality of our water. Growing demand for water

1.1 Water Quality is the biggest negative effect created by agricultural industries. In New Zealand’s wetter regions, farmers often drain wetlands to ensure soils are dry enough for cropping and stock. Land drainage leads to ecological losses of the

New Zealand is one of the countries in the world that has unwritten consititution and it is vital because it is the base of a government on how to govern a country based on it. Having a written constitution in New Zealand will give New Zealanders more access about certain documents on the consitution itself. On the other hand, if New Zealand continuously having an unwritten constitution, the citizen may not have knowledge on it due to limited access on it. This essay will clarify on constitution and what is a written constitution. This essay also covers the need to include the Constitution Act 1986, the Public Finance Act 1989 and the Arms Act 1983 and removing the Public Sector Act 1988 from it.