The Next Economic Crisis : War And Terrorism

During and after World War I, the United States’ economy suffered. Citizens were expected to pay liberty bonds to support the war (Doc.

Terrorism is an act that threatens or carries out violence with the intention to disrupt, kill or coerce against a body or nation in order to impose will. This means that a lot of groups use this method to get what they want. The groups use a variety of methods, groups such as:

War bonds were debt securities that served as loans borrowed from the public, by the federal government, in order to finance the needs of the government in support of the nation’s war effort. Sold in various cent denominations, citizens of the United States spent a total of $185.6 billion in war bonds. Both the War Advertising Council and the War Finance Committee worked together to generate the highest amount of money acquired via war bonds in U.S. history. War bonds were also instituted with the purpose of removing money from circulation with the intention of reducing inflation.

After coming out of the Great Depression the United States could not afford to be in anymore debt. From purchasing guns, ammunitions, aircrafts, and warships, the debt was rising dramatically. While the American public supported the troops, the cost of the war would affect America for years to come.

So to prevent inflation from skyrocketing, the government resorted to rationing a wide variety of key products along with the sale of war bonds to siphon off income into savings and depress consumption. With that in place we had all of these consumers with money to live on until the war ends and once it did they had large amounts of stashed money and little to no debt. Also to mention that the 11 million that came back from war had money to spend on housing and to keep up with health needs.

After the end of World War 1, the United States of America was in a pit of hurt trying to stabilize the economy again. In the end, however, they somehow come out stronger. While the the war may have sent the unemployment rate on a decline from 7.9 percent to 1.4 percent it still cost the U.S an unruly amount of money overall. Some have estimated that the United States had spent an overall approximate of $32 billion, or 52

The war caused a serious change in economic and social patterns. Industry responded to the military’s needs. The Ford assembly plant in Richmond changed its focus to building Sherman Tanks. The Richmond Shipyards built more ships during the war than any time("Everyday). Economically, the war effectively ended the Great Depression. Military spending gave the U.S. economy the boost it had desperately needed. It effectively ended the Great Depression (Winkler). A large network of wartime agencies was developed to coordinate war production. FDR wasn 't for closing agencies or firing people who worked for him, so he created one agency after another, which caused competition. This helped fuel the war effort (Winkler). Citizens bought billions of dollars worth of bonds to help ease the cost of war. They saved supplies, such as rubber and metal, to be recycled into military materials(Winkler).

The Economic reasons was a big problem that cause the war too. From Document C ( Historian Howard Zinn) was talking about loans to protect US investments in England and France.

The government began to increase spending and investment toward military landscape and bases during the World War II. This not only impacted the War itself, but also the economy and society within Western development. Federal expenditures was helped to create employment for Western residents and produced opportunity for industry. “Essentially, the federal government promoted the restructuring of a natural resource-based colonial economy into a technologically oriented and service economy stimulated by massive federal expenditures (Nash, G. 1999). The period after the War was also significant through the development of government assisted housing programs, industry, and accordingly the

With the growing numbers of men used, how was this ever so expensive war funded and paid for? In comes the introduction of national taxes, only accompanied by the growth of a nation state on both sides. However, the Confederate states were much more ready to lean to taxing their citizens. It is recorded that many types of taxes were implemented including the graduated income tax, license tax on business, sales tax on buying/selling, and a tax-in-kind (this was a form of tax placed on a good or service where no money was involved). The use of taxing to support a war was nothing new; however, the use of taxes on such a grand scale was never witnessed before. What gave the governments the chance to inflict said constraints on the citizens that

World War 11 was not only a test of American might, engineering, fortitude, and patriotism. WW11 was very expensive. The government has chosen to borrow money from Americans. Series E Defense Bonds purchase was $18.75, $0.25 was for those who couldn’t offered the entire bond. The ten cent stamps were sold that could be collected in the treasury department. The advertising for War Bonds was remarkable. Troops were held present both local and national celebrities. The Four Freedoms was shown for tour, and has raised $132 million dollars. Bond booths were set up in hotel and movie theater lobbies. Staffed by 561 volunteers. Radios had the power to send a message about the war finance and committee. War Advertising Council has made the most of

Since the start of the War, the U.S. has been largely in debt with $65 million. Before the war, the entire nation was predominantly agrarian. In its initial stages, the War proved to be highly devastating for the Northern economy. Despite poor harvests and the outbreak of war, Northern farm production dramatically escalated during the War mainly due to the use of extensive machines, adopted by the members of the Union as one-third of their population was fighting in war. The union states began to pave their way towards a more manufacturing economy. Industries and factories hit a new high, as many started blooming over the North, while on the other hand, the confederates were still more dependent on agriculture. This industrialization played

However, during the post war era, and particularly in the 1960s the US was spending vast sums of money on warfare (Cold war, Vietnam War), and on improved welfare. The US was financing

In 1914, when the war began, the United States remained neutral, taking a backseat to the fighting in Europe. The war however, still had an impact on America. There was a large industrial expansion in industry and agriculture from the increased demand for those supplies over seas. The French, British, and Russians imported raw materials, foodstuff, and military supplies, which resulted in an increase of 15% in the gross national product (GNP) for the United States (Progressive Era). Although some questioned the need to spend such a large amount of money on a war that the U.S. was not yet a part of, the U.S. raised $15 billion dollars more than they spent on their allies with just the sale of Liberty bonds; that doesn’t include the money tax revenue (Progressive Era). Staying neutral actually helped the U.S. maintain a steady economy without losing any lives in combat. The money that the U.S. was able to make back went into programs to aid apparent issues in the country, such as education, that only received the attention after the war.

Sadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, and the intensifying impact of terrorism on international business is a global phenomenon with heightening implications for both theory and practice. This research paper is a novel exploratory study of how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to endure future terrorist attacks. The unique firm level research provides a theoretical contribution by building upon n the literature calling from Vogus and Sutcliffe, (2007) for developing a theory of organizational resilience which would enhance understanding and insights into how resilient organizations rebound faster from disastrous disruptions than less pliable organizations (Vogus & Sutcliffe, 2007; Jain & Grosse, 2009). A significant academic contribution is addressing a specific research gap identified by leading scholars (Czinkota, Knight, Liesch, & Steen, 2010) in the international business literature concerning the organizational preparedness of firms to deal with terrorism. Furthermore, the paper identifies business continuity planning as practical fundamental solution to improve organizational preparedness to terrorism and enhance performance resilience.