22 The North China Plain (NCP) is currently standing between the prosperous
23 economic growth and the severe water crisis. Its important economic role in the nation
24 can be easily seen through statistics: In 2013, its GDP amounted to 15 trillion Yuan (1
25 Yuan 0.16 USD), about 26% of the whole nation. Its industrial value-added
26 accounted for 42% of the region’s GDP, reflecting its high level of industrialization
27 (NBSC, 2014). However, its water resources condition is mismatched with the
28 economic development. The region possesses less than 5% of the nation’s water
29 resources (NBSC, 2014). The average per capita water resource is 330 m3 (NBSC,
30 2014), less than 1/5 of the water
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A series of measures
40 have been implemented to rescue NCP from the water crisis. The South-to-North
41 Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) is one of these measures. The basic conception of
42 the project is to “borrow” some water from the Yangtze river to the water-scarce NCP. 43 The first phase of the project has just been completed in the end of 2014. The project
44 is envisaged to alleviate the water pressure in NCP, provide water for the
45 rehabilitation of the degraded ecosystems, and secure a balanced development for the
46 whole nation (Liu and Zheng, 2002; Berkoff, 2003; Gu, et al., 2012).
47 In contrast to the visible “real” water transfer, an invisible or “hidden” water
48 movement also takes place between NCP and the rest of the country as well as the
49 other countries. That is virtual water, the water used for the production of goods and
50 services (Allan, 1993). The concept of virtual water provides an additional perspective
51 to view the relationship between economic activities and use of natural resources. As
52 one of the economic hubs in China, NCP is closely connected with other regions and
53 countries through trade of goods and services. The virtual water embodied in these
54 goods and services has posed significant impacts on the water resources of NCP.
55 There have been many studies on issues relating to water transfer in China. In
56 these studies, the “real water” and “virtual water” are
According to the International Water Management Institute environmental research organisation global water stress is increasing, and a third of all people face some sort of water scarcity. Where demand exceeds supply and no effective management operates, there will be conflicts between the various players involved.
China’s South-North Water Transfer Project mostly involves three large channels. This project is very expensive, but provides water to the water-needy huge population of northern China. There are critics, although there are scientists that believe the potential economic, health, and environmental benefits from this
The project must be completed prior to the end of this financial year (30 June 2015) as funding is available from current budget.
the lifeblood of our planet. Many of these bodies of water may be out of sight and out of mind,
The Earth is a huge planet this is covered by 70 percent water. Astonishingly from this 70 percent the human population can only use 1 percent of the world’s water the rest of it is salt water, frozen, or in some way unattainable (Santa Clara Valley Water District, 2016). Humans have found many different ways to obtain this 1 percent of fresh water they need, but the techniques vary depending on location. In San Jose, California we obtain our water from 3 major sources: groundwater, imported surface water, and local mountain surface water. These 3 sources contribute different amounts of water to the San Jose community. Imported surface water composes about 50 percent of our water supply, while ground water composes roughly 40 percent, and local mountain surface water composes approximately 10 percent (Santa Jose Water Company, 2016). However, these percentages can change due to factors such as weather and global warming.
The need for water in all of society is of the upmost importance in order for humankind to survive. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) states that the Earth’s surface is made up of about 70% water and only 3.5% of the water is fresh water suitable to consume (Perlman, 2013). In order to have the resource of water that society needs, companies such as the Trinity River Authority (TRA) are formed in different communities around the globe. Water supply and reclamation companies range in size and structure from public to privately owned and run.
Water, like food, is a necessity for human life that is used for many purposes such as agricultural, industrial, and domestic systems. While water is a common element around the world not all of it is clean and able to be consumed or used by humans. With only a percentage of the world’s water being clean and the use of water increasing, the availability of water around the world has become a common issue in the developing and even the developed world. This may be a smaller problem in areas close to clean water sources compared to areas far from a clean water source but, the availability of water is not strictly based on location, it also depends on the specific political and social needs and issues of the area as well. These all become issues that must be accounted for when deciphering whether water is a basic human right or a commodity and what action must be taken to aid the developing water systems in community’s that lack them.
In 2014, China’s GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) was $17.62 trillion. However, China’s per capita income is below the world average. China’s GDP per capita stood as $12,900. According to Magnier (2014), “The country’s gross domestic product last year totaled
Think about how much water is used by farmers to grow their produce. When water is not naturally provided through rain, or resouvers that are fed by rivers/streams, and ditch water, it has to come from somewhere else.
Lack of water and conflict with water rights have instigated wars and political tension especially in the Middle East and Africa, as well as promoting unlikely cooperation to ensure its availability. Also, natural water bodies like lakes mark international
on the water rich nations of the world. Claims that Canada hold 20% of the worlds renewable
Present day China is an unlimited nation. It is the world's fourth biggest nation and is home to roughly 1.25 billion individuals - about a quarter of the world's populace. It has an awesome assortment of atmospheres and territories. The south is wet and tropical, with some downpour woods scope. North-west China is secured in desert. In the exact far north-east, near Russia, the temperature can drop to - 50ºC in the winter. In the west of China there are the Himalayas, with a percentage of the most noteworthy mountains on the planet. China's most minimal point is in the Turfan Depression, at - 154 meters beneath ocean level. The Turfan Depression is otherwise called one of the "heaters" of China due to its mind boggling warmth. The liquefying snows from the mountains in the west make the headwaters for two of China's most essential waterways, the Yellow River and the Yangzi River. The Yellow River gets its name in view of the yellow wind-borne earth dust called loses that is blown over the north of China from the steppes of Central Asia. The loses is blown into the waterway and gives it a yellow appearance. The Yangzi River is the longest in China and third longest on the planet. The Yangzi River waters the rice developing districts in the south of China.
The project was scheduled to be completed in late 2016 with most of the physical construction spread throughout 2016. Some of the big tasks spread out throughout the project were the following
The water access is limited in some regions of the world. Most part of these regions
China's economic output for 2006 was $2.68 trillion USD. Its per capita GDP in 2006 was approximately US $2,000, still low by world standards (110th of 183 nations in 2005), but rising rapidly. As of 2005, 70 per cent of China's GDP is in the private sector. The smaller public sector is dominated by about 200 large state enterprises concentrated mostly in utilities, heavy industries, and energy resources.