The Nottingham Pulse Rig Towards Determining The Mechanism Of The Fischer Tropsch Reaction

We can trap the oxygen gas created into a container thus showing the extent of the reaction and this will show the rate in which oxygen is created and how the rate will change when we use different initial concentrations. We do use a catalyst in this reaction to

Figure 6.9. SEM micrographs showing the existence of structural pores in SC-CNCs, indicating the porous nature of (a) NC-1, (b) NC-2, and (c) NC-3.

How long will it take for the Oobleck to melt back into a liquid from a ball?

Then, a shift is observed by one of the atoms to the carbocation. And finally, to stabilize the molecule, catalyst is then regenerated to yield the final product.

Mechanism: Key features of the Fischer Esterification mechanism are: a. protonation of the carbonyl group, b. the

The purity and identity of the product can be determined through the use of smell, IR spectroscopy and melting point determination. A general idea of what the ester is can be obtained by smell. Esters can have specific smells and if the scent can be determined, one may have an idea of the ester was created. IR spectroscopy will identify the bonds of the functional groups. The ester can be considered pure if there are no additional peaks on the IR spectrum. For example, if a peak corresponding to an alcohol group appeared on the IR spectrum it would mean the ester is not completely pure. Melting point can also be used to confirm the identity and how pure the final product is. Comparison of the experimental melting point and the literature value allows for determination of how close the experimental value is to the literature value. If the experimental value is within the range of the literature value, the product can be considered pure.

Addition of rare earth metals, especially Lanthanum (La), to ceria supports has been widely investigated. Rare earth metals are well known for their catalytic effects, and when added to ceria catalyst, provide improved thermal stability and increased activity [Wang et al., 2010]. Wang et al. (2011) studied a ceria/zirconium catalyst doped with rare earth metals La, Nd, Pr, Sm, and Y and reported that all of the metals exhibited increased activity and selectivity with La, Nd, and Pr performing the best. Gold/ceria catalysts have also been subjected to rare earth metal doping and doping with Lanthanum and Gadolinium have both shown increased catalytic acfor 48 h [33,104]. The addition of Co to Mo/C was studied by

The purpose of this lab was to synthesize the ester isopentyl acetate via an acid catalyzed esterification (Fischer Esterification) of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol. Emil Fischer and Arthur Speier were the pioneers of this reaction referred to as Fischer Esterification. The reaction is characterized by the combining of an alcohol and an acid (with an acid catalyst) to yield and ester plus water. In order to accomplish the reaction, the reactants were

In this experiment, a Fischer Esterification reaction was performed with two unknown compounds. The unknown compounds, Acid 2 and Alcohol D, were identified by using the knowledge of the reaction that took place, and the identity of the product that was synthesized. The identification of the product resulted from analysis of IR and NMR spectra.

Recently, Park et al. published an elaborated review on the use of zeolites, mesoporous catalysts and metal oxide catalysts for catalytic vapor cracking. Zeolites, due to their acidity and shape selective catalysis, are reported to be the most effective catalysts for the production of deoxygenated liquid fuel consisting of gasoline range aromatic hydrocarbons. The product composition of the upgraded bio-oils varied with Si/Al ratio and the pore structure of the zeolites. Low organic product yields and rapid deactivation of the catalysts are the drawbacks associated with zeolite catalysis. Recently, Carlson et al. demonstrated that high catalyst to feed ratios and high heating rates attenuate the catalyst deactivation despite improving organic product yields. Poor organic product yields (due to secondary cracking reactions) and the deactivation of HZSM-5 catalysts can be attributed to their high Brönsted acidity.

However, the proton that left replenishes that acid catalyst to help repeat the mechanism for other molecules. The general mechanism of Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution could be simplified and shown by Figure 3 and the specific mechanism of the Fischer Esterification reaction that ensues in the experiment is portrayed by figure 4. (John McMurry, 2007)

In order to gain strong insight into the surface chemistry of silica we have perform a thorough literature search. Our goal is to identify the pioneer research performed on silica and silica supported catalyst. Particular interest lies in silica-water-cobalt and silica-alcohol-cobalt systems. This study is both on macro and micro level so that a complete theoretical base can be established. From this theoretical knowledge, key areas to look upon will be identified and a design of experiments will be established. The goal is to develop a both efficient and effective product (catalyst) using a novel methodology developed from past research.

CO2 adsorption capacity is defined as a measure of an adsorbent’s capability or potential to adsorb CO2. It is expressed in terms of number of moles of CO2 that a unit mass of an adsorbent adsorbs under equilibrium conditions. The CO2 adsorption isotherms for MCM-41-30, MCM-41-30-AP-9-85-0.5 and MCM-41-30-TP-9-75-0.3 at 30 °C are presented in Figure 6(a). The CO2 adsorption isotherms for amine tethered samples exhibit a steep nonlinear concave shape due to the strong interactions between carbon dioxide molecules and amine moieties. In contrast, MCM-41-30 exhibits a less steep isotherm indicating that pure silica interacts with CO2 only by physisorption and hence lacks sufficient strong affinity towards CO2. Therefore, it is clear that the

Also it is comprehended by review of academic literatures such as articles and dissertations that GTL is more attractive than any other XTL technologies. Although pipeline is a routine method for transmission of natural gas in countries with huge amount of this wealth [10] but GTL also have its own value in monetizing natural gas source to easily vendible liquid hydrocarbons. So many of researches devoted to different fields of GTL process merely, beside those investigations on the common part of all XTL technologies such as FTS and syngas production. Amongst these fields, catalyst is the most attractive issue in different fields such as promoters and formulation [11, 12], support [13], preparation …, and both cobalt and iron catalysts are matter of investigation as well as other new catalysts.

Pd-Ni/Al2O3 systems were investigated in the reaction of hydrogen oxidation in terms of their possible application as catalysts used in passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) used in nuclear power plants. Testing experiments, were carried out in a flowing system at different temperatures and humidity of the reaction mixture. The bimetallic catalysts exhibited higher response to the increase of temperature and higher resistance to inhibiting water than the monometallic palladium catalyst. They showed excellent stability during a few tens of hours, similarly, like their monometallic counterpart. Our bimetallic catalysts of hydrogen oxidation can be used as cheaper alternatives to catalysts based on the precious metals in the hydrogen oxidation without loss of their activity over time.