The Oldest International Agreement Of The Copyright For The Defense Or Protection Of Literary And Artistic Works

Stuart P. Green law professor and member of the Criminal Law and Philosophy board indicates that an individual’s original work should be lawfully protected.

Thesis: In this paper I will be talking about fair use, how fair use has developed into appropriation art, and how copyright has changed over time.

1976 The United States Copyright Act was revised from the prior act. In short terms this new revision states the basis of the Copyright Law, and changed the doctrine of “fair use”, and copyrights adopted post author/creators death.[7]

Jain, S. C., & Bird, R. (2008). The Global Challenge of Intellectual Property Rights. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

The origins of Australia and Singapore’s law of copyright are connected as both the laws first originated from the United Kingdom (UK). The first copyright statute, British Statute of Anne 1710 which was named after Queen Anne, was initially applied to the copying of books only. As the first modern copyright law, it recognized copyright as an author’s right, a major and important change in philosophy and in law. Registration of works in the Stationers’ Company register book was required of the owners of the rights as a condition of protection.

All rights reserved. No part of this guide may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.

The enforceability of copying is always an issue so even though “the rights model of the law has not changed—author are entitled to control copying — but the practical ability to enforce that right has shrunk. (Parker

There was a Copyright Act passed in Congress in 1976 aiming at breaking the traditional association of publishers with all works while little recognition is given to the authors. Section 101 has also been amended to allow owners with exclusive rights to reproduce, prepare derivatives from copyrighted work, distribute, perform; display and audialy transmit copyrighted works (School). The authors, publishers and database companies have since tried to settle original copyright infringement by compensating those with registered works of copyright and those whose works had not been registered. There is a contradiction, especially for the second group. Thus, the Supreme Court declined to approve this

The text of the chapter goes about provisions on patents, copyright, industrial design and trademark identifies who will produce medicines, goods, convey information. Section Enforcement provides for establishment of a commission, which legal regulators of individual countries at the hearing of cases of intellectual property infringement will have to listen. Human rights activists had no place in the committee. Copyright violators will face tough penalties. Criminal procedures and penalties will be applied even in the absence of willful

n the early 15th century, authors received minimal recognition for their original works. Authors received no compensation for the reproduction of their original works, and publication companies gathered all of the fruits of the author’s labor. In 1710, The British parliament enacted the Statute of Anne which granted exclusive protection to the original author of any given work, in addition to granting them the power to control reproduction of their work. This was monumental for authors because up until this point, British authors were all subject to piracy, where publication companies would copy work that did not belong to them, and often times change the meanings of what the author intended. For the first time, authors had legal protection and the power to stop others from copying their work. This became known as copyright. Following this, the drafters of the US Constitution mirrored the statue of Anne and established authors’ rights in Article 1, Section 8,

One of the biggest firms associated with globalization is the World Trade Organization. The World Trade Organization is the only international body that deals with the rules of trading between nations. It has evolved over the past half century into an entity that contract with the trade of services, intellectual property as well as its original intent of the trade of goods. The WTO controls most trade in the world today through over 100 countries, and even more on the way. The World Trade Organization is beneficial economically and we should support its principles.

 The theory is that 2 people can create exact or similar works without copying

Characters exist in human, animal, and even extra-terrestrial form, in literature, films and other forms of dramatic visualizations, and are shaped by their names, personalities, characteristics and manners. There are several such characters that the public is familiar with, and such popular figures form part of an industry worth trillions, thereby necessitating protection for them against duplication. Enter copyright law. This law, which finds its origin in the Statute of Anne, seeks to strike a balance between

Copyright protection extends to expressions and not to ideas . Originality is the threshold standard of requirement of copyright. The case Walter v Lane [1900] AC 539 expounded the three essential elements (labour, skill and judgment ) of originality. The court adapted to sweat of brow test with no element of creativity require to make the work original. Copyright can be granted if a work is created through the effort of an individual despite the work containing statement of facts and no creative input by an author.

Many infringement claims involve simple cases of copyright infringement where the copying is obvious. Others, however, are more difficult to resolve because copyright protection is not limited to exact copying. It is inevitable that creative and commercial works will take inspiration from the culture at large, and it is often challenging to determine when this "inspiration" has crossed the line into infringement. There also may be a question of whether the allegedly infringed work is even protected by copyright. Unprotected works may include, for example, compilations of facts that lack the requisite creativity to be covered by copyright, or those works that are in the public domain because the copyright term expired.