The On The Indus Valley Society

Egyptian civilization began around 5000 BC and began to flourish in 3000 BC. Generally ancient Egyptian history is seperated into three kingdoms the old kingdon, middle, and new kingdom. The old kingdom (2686BC- 2134BC) is the time period where most of what we think of ancient Egypt like the pyramids (built as burial tombs for the pharoah). During that time Egyptians began to write texts, study medicine, and find new battle tactics. The Egyptians were polytheists and had a pantheon of gods, they believed the pharoah to be the god Horus and was thus treated as such.Egyptian society was more egalitarian than other societies, women could own property and divorce their husbands. There was not social mobility in Egyptian society, but It was not impossible to rise up the social ladder.

Chapter 11: The Importance of Numbers in Hinduism The scriptures state that numbers ranging from 0 to 10 have a symbolic importance for Hindus. They are associated with some of the key principles and gods of the religion. According to historical records, the Hindus developed the number system so they can systematically arrange their knowledge regarding the gods and the theories of creation. This chapter will provide you with some examples as to how numbers were used in Hindu ceremonies.

Our text book tells us that Aryans became dominant in north India. In Sanskrit text the Indo-Aryan developed the caste and the Brahman religion. The Brahman religion developed into Hinduism. (Beck et al.) India’s caste system there is 4 caste or social levels of people. At the top there is the Bhramin which are the priests and teachers. Second is the Kshatryia which are the leaders and warriors. Third is the Vaishya which are the merchants and landowners. Fourth is the Sundra which are commoners, peasants, and servants. Not considered in the caste system is the untouchables which are the outcasts. They held the lowest valued jobs such as street sweepers, latrine cleaners, and slaughter house workers. The caste system in India forbids people from mingling with other levels of castes. What caste level you were born into you were required to stay at that level. There was no

India is a country full of mysteries and differences. It has a long history, a profound yet unique culture, with diversified nationalities, races, religions, languages and a huge population. The pursuit of secularism and inveteracy of sectarianism have brought huge influence to the Indian society. As the mainstream culture in India, Hinduism plays an important role in the Indian society and has dominated almost 2000 years of its history. Although in the following years since, the Indian culture gradually becomes a combination of different races, religions and languages, Hinduism still remains to be the key to dig into the development of the culture and society of India.

The Indus Valley Civilization began around 3000 BCE, which eventually lead to the creation of Ancient India. Ancient India is a subcontinent meaning it is geographically separated from the rest of the continent by the mountains to the north and the ocean to the south. The Indus and the Ganges River flowed through ancient India and the Himalayas were also located there. Ancient India had two main characteristics, religion and class division, that made the civilization thrive. Ancient India had two main religions, Hinduism and Buddhism. Hinduism began because of the beliefs, or practices, of the people. It grew out of cultural and religious changes in India. Buddhism began because of Siddhartha Gautama and his teachings. The people had to follow

The origin of the caste system and its impact on Indian people lies in the Aryan invaders. This nomadic group of people from central Asia crossed the Hindu Kush mountains around 1500 BCE and entered the Indian sub-continent (Haywood, 78). They brought many of their traditions and beliefs with them to India, where they found groups of indigenous people with their own traditions. The resulting religious beliefs that came from the blend of Aryans and indigenous people were influenced by both parties. Some elements of these beliefs, such as ritual bathing, may have had precedents in the Indus Valley (Haywood, 78). This combination of beliefs became the foundation of Hinduism. The holy texts of Hinduism, the Vedas, were originally passed down orally until they were written down in the 6th century BCE (Haywood, 78). These Vedas, of which there are four, tell of the various beliefs and philosophies of Hinduism, detail the rituals and codes of conduct for priests and for all people, and record the mythological basis for the caste system. In reality, the caste system probably originated after the Aryans had taken over much of the Indian sub-continent. It is thought that they divided themselves into the three upper castes, or varnas - brahmin, the priest caste, kshatriya, the warrior caste,

The Indus Valley Civilization was an early civilization between 3000 B.C to 15000 B.C and as the civilization collapsed, archaeologist found a 3-D figurine of a man on a structure with wheels, attached to two animal like figures. The artifact reflects on innovation used by this society by the use of the wheel. As the wheel was first invented, it was mainly used as a “potter wheel” just to shape and mold ceramic ware and they innovated from that idea of a wheel, to a transportation device as shown in the artifact. Also, the artifact teaches us about a belief in this society by displaying they believed in efficiency. The man was transporting on wheels and with the help of animals to make it easier and faster for travelling. Another thing that

There are about 900 million Hindus around the world and is continuing to expand. Hinduism has no actual founder or date of origin. The Indus Valley Civilization is thought to have originated as early as 7000 BCE. Baths have been found here that indicate their were ritual bathings. This is a component of modern Hinduism. This Valley Civilization began to decline in 1800 BCE. Then, the Aryans invaded India. They continued this religion that was in place before. From 200 BCE to CE 500, India was invaded by northern powers. (Kurian). This was a time of great growth and definition for Hinduism. At this time India was under the Gupta Empire. Classical Hinduism was spreading and started developing sacred laws that were coded, the greatest temples were beginning to be built, and rituals and myths were preserved in Puranas. (“Hinduism”). Many groups that emerged during the period of 800 to 1800 are still active in India today. During the rise of devotional movements, the philosophies of Shankara and Ramanuja were developed. In the 19th century reforms took place under the Ramakrishna, Vivekananda, and the sects of the Arya Samaj and the Brahmo Samaj. (“Hinduism”). These movements attempted to reconcile traditional Hinduism with political ideals and social reforms of the day. Hinduism has continued to expand and it’s people have become more diverse throughout history. Now, Indian religious teachers

Hinduism is large and complex religious institute that reflects the religious belief of a rich society, the Indian people. It origins, just as the religion are intermingled in the Aryans system of belief and early Indian system of belief which merged to give what is now Hinduism. The Aryan system of belief came to exist in India when the Aryans from eastern Europe invaded India around 1500 B.C. It is believed that many of the rituals and gods of now, Hindu are derivative of their faiths. They came to India which what would later be adopted by hindus as the cast system, but theirs was composed of hierarchically of three entity; the warriors whom were the most important, the priest which direct any rituals and retain knowledge of the vedas and the servants which looked at the cattles. The accentuation of nature is also a product of the Aryan faith system which is reconstructed to or at least reused in the idea of oneness with nature and Brahman which is the hindu supreme God. The Rig Veda which contains thousands of hymns in the sanskrit are also Aryans (Phil.108, notes).

Some of the most daunting challenges we face to learning ancient civilizations is how much of the relics have been lost to the sands of time. Whole cities have been buried in sand and jungles, tables destroyed, and writings forgotten. Parcak and Rao show how we can use modern technology to help unlock some of the mysteries. Parcak used a satellite imagery coupled with a computer to analyze terrain features identifying the location of the Nile river thousands of years ago. Then using topography found the most likely site of a cities missing for eons. Rao used analyzing software to try to unlock the indus valley script. He showed how they figured out writing direction and evidence of it use as a written form of language rather than as symbols.

Life was good in the Indus Valley, they were able to make their own clothes since spindles were found at the site. They grew their own food, food was plentiful, and they had many huge cities with numerous arts and craft, and craftsmen in their cities. They built homes in their cities, and they had livestock. This early civilization was quite advanced. They had religion and religious ceremonies. Their cities were so well planned that compared to our cities they were much better laid out. Anyhow, they had entertainment, and a very diverse cultural life. This civilization is truly marvelous and unique considering the

1.) Hinduism has several bodies of literature that illustrate the social and spiritual way of life. Although they are all based on the same religion, each text variates from each other in certain aspects. The oldest known of this list is being the Rig Veda, dated from 1200 to 900 BC. It's also considered one of the most important religious books in Hinduism, this is evident in later literature. Authors of these often borrowed different ideas from the Rig Vedas (Olson, Primary Sources, pg 12). One downfall to this famous work is the lack of diversity. This vedic writing contains the creativities of only the socially elite. The lower classes don’t appear in this book very often, So what you are reading is limited to the perspective of the priests

Vedas are are old oral epics that were written down long after the Aryan Invasion

The origins of Hinduism, much like the sacred texts, cannot be dated back to a specific date. The earliest known civilization containing Hindu-like beliefs was the Indus Valley Civilization, which was located on the Indus River in modern-day India and Pakistan. The term “Hinduism” is derived from the Persian word “hindu”, meaning river. Outsiders such as Persians, Afghans, and Arabs used this to describe the inhabitants of the region. This

In Ancient India, the Indus River area help build and flourish one of the earliest civilizations. The Indus Civilization flourished through in areas of economy and transport, cultivation, and religion. The structure of these people was so unique and worked so well for the civilization for a long time, well until it didn’t. The culture of these people helped most other countries build the base of their culture and gave the basic idea of what a civilization is. The civilization was first formed in 3100 B.C. in a time period known as the bronze age. They lived in the area which is current day north-eastern Afghanistan to north-western India