What Is The Primary Source Of Data?

So far, terrorism has been a key obstacle to many foreign nations, as they are struggling to prevent terrorist attacks. From the year of 1997 up to the year of 2003, international terrorist attacks have gone from less than 500 to almost 3000. Overall, global terrorism has grown by almost 1200% from 1997 to 2003. (Johnston 1). This massive increase in terrorism reflects on other nations' lack of control of the safety of their nation. These statistics also show that something needs to be done to protect the

political and social circumstances; that is, terrorism involves variables that can be measured on a criminological scale. The measurable by-product can be examined through psychological factors that vacillate with political circumstances. Ross's conclusions lead to two practical considerations.

The overwhelming majority of the world’s nations, including United States are signatories to at least one international agreement that condemns terrorism. The question comes to mind as why terrorism is growing and not coming to an end, and what are the intentions of the terrorist groups. There are many factors in the development of domestic terrorisms, however, there are several causes on the growing terrorism and there is a need to find the principal factors responsible for causing this growing threat. In addition, it is important to save the world and to save our next generation from being victims in the hands of terrorism. Many are the risk factors involved in the development of domestic terrorism. Additionally, it is important to remember that terrorism is a tactic practiced by people from a wide array of ethnic and religious backgrounds who follow various ideologies extending from anarchism to

A complex phenomenon, terrorism rarely has a “one size fits all” solution. Rather, “effective responses to terrorism may need to take into account, and to some degree be individually configured to respond to, the evolving goals, strategies, tactics and operating environment of different terrorist groups” (Perl, 2007, p. i). Indeed, taking an individual approach to measuring effectiveness could be both time consuming and confusing. However, by taking a look at the problem as a whole, some commonalities do exist. For example, in his CRS report, Perl (2007) notes that the impact on society, “[b]oth material and psychological impact beyond a critical threshold, such as disruption of the banking system, or establishment of such pervasive fear that key civil liberties or moral principles underlying the national identity are set aside by the government in the interests of security” (p. 8), could possibly be used as a measure of effectiveness. How quickly we recover from a terrorist attack (measured in days) or our reaction to it (i.e. restrictive or oppressive policy) could be an indicator of how effective our counterterrorism strategy is. For example, a robust counterterrorism strategy may result in limited, small scale attacks that require mere days to recover from, the Boston Marathon for example, as opposed to the complex, large scale attacks we

During this week, I learned about the face of terrorism, as well as terrorist organizational models, and the psychology of terrorism. As a result, I am able to identify what terrorism is by identifying the political, psychological, violent, and deliberate objectives of a group. In addition, I now understand the structure of a terrorist organization and the four levels that make up a terrorist group, as well as the human behaviors that lead a person to become a terrorist.

By identifying and discussing the warning signs of terrorism, targets, and hazards, one can assess the various threats and risks of terrorism. U.S. Attorney’s Office, District of Hawaii (as cited by Newman and Clarke, 2008) identified seven warning signs of terrorism: surveillance, elicitation, tests of security, acquiring supplies, suspicious people who don’t belong, dry runs, bomber indicators. It does not mean that seeing a stranger asking questions about a particular building and taking pictures that the building is the next target, but it is possible. Terrorism has historically attacked attractive targets that are famous, important, accessible, has a substantial immigrant population, and for domestic terrorism, site of animal laboratories (Newman & Clarke, 2008). Each target corresponds to the hazards of a terrorist incident such as weapons of mass destruction (WMD), chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosives, and cyber terrorism.

Terrorism has always been a major threat to the United States. Before the attacks on September 11, 2001 there had been several terrorist attacks on U.S. soil. Between 1980 and 2000, the FBI recorded 335 incidents or suspected incidents of terrorism in the United States, 247 were attributed to domestic terrorists, while 88 were determined to be international terrorists (FBI, 2002). In particular, in the 1990s there were terrorist attacks

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11), the worst attack to occur on American soil to date, sparked national outrage and launched a war on terror against international terrorism. Since 9/11, the emphasis of the United States’ counterterrorism policy has been primarily on jihadist terrorism, with law enforcement agencies and U.S. intelligence services viewing international terrorism as the major threat to the nation’s security.With so much energy and attention focused on international terrorism, domestic terrorists have not received as much attention as their foreign

In the past 20 years the United States along with the world have entered a period referred to as “New Terrorism” (Kurtulus, 2011). This new type of terrorism is generally indiscriminate, networked, based off religious ideologies, and committed by individuals and factions with little to no organizational structure (Kurtulus, 2011). The problem with the individuals who commit this new type of terrorism is that they are generally indiscriminate and do not necessarily have a selected target. The victims of these attacks are generally thrown into disarray with little to no explanation on why they occurred.

The data that is used to measure terrorist events is drawn from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) which contains records of numerous types of events and covers the years from 1970 to 2014. The database has well over 140,000 events and is considered to be one of the most accurate sources for both domestic and transnational terror events available. It is maintained by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Response to Terrorism (START) that is hosted at the University of Maryland in conjunction with the Department of Homeland Security. Most importantly the GTD database contains variables that account for the number of injuries, number of attacks, and number of fatalities within the United States. It has been proven to be accurate and has been used in several influential studies that focus on transnational terrorisms and its impact on economic factors (Enders and Sandler 2004, Enders and Sandler 2006, Enders, Sandler and Gaibulloev 2011; Enders and Hoover 2012).

Crime statistics are normally used when Law Enforcement and Public safety organizations are thinking about the rate of crime in their area, policy making, or connects to home grown terrorists or terrorist acts period. The public safety field can benefit from a wealth of information on this system, but this system, but in the realm of research studies, it is very limited. This is good news for researchers, because the “lack of research is intriguing, and we have an advantages of examining terrorism from a criminological perspective are numerous, especially since 9/11” (Deflem, 2004; LaFree & Dugan 2004). The mere fact that terrorism is being discussed can be troublesome, because of the wide range of the different labeling of the terrorist or terrorist act. For example, terrorists that are considered domestic far-right tend to be arraigned under common type offenses, because “there are reasons to believe that far-right terrorism and common crimes share similar qualities within public safety and law enforcement organization” (Deflem, 2004; LaFree & Dugan 2004).

In most cases investigative work must take place before such crimes can be determined to be an act of terrorism. In more modern ages it has become significantly easier to figure out what crimes are acts of terrorism. Through statistical analyses one can see that the number of crimes related to terrorism have slightly decreased by approximately 13% ((Department Of State, 2016). It is important to understand statistics related to terrorism to better understand the crime rate. For many people in the United States an act of terrorism may be a surprise compared to other areas of the world where terrorist attacks occur more frequently. The main factor that must be taken into consideration is the perspective that people in the area

Between 1960 and 2010 there are 38345 terror attacks happened around the world and out of which nearly 8% of the attacks were against the USA. This figure is quite alarming sometimes but the impact of the attacks is little when compared to the mass fatalities or deaths happened in the other countries. So, the time has come to understand the terror trends of the past and safeguard the civilians from the forthcoming attacks.

Spindlove, J. (2015). Terrorism Today: The Past, The Players, The Future (5th Edition). McGraw Hill, pp.

This chapter provides a critical, analysis and evaluation of Martens, A., Sainudiin, R., Sibley, C. G., Schimel, J., & Webber, D. (2014) research on how Terrorist Attacks Escalate in Frequency and Fatalities Preceding Highly Lethal Attacks. The combined information extracted from Martens, A. et al. (2014) article and Muhlhausen, et al. (2011), generated by the Heritage Foundations website will provide support and establish the foundation for this research on the violent criminal behavior, its co-relation to terrorism the potentiality of violence in the streets of America. This chapter will attempt to establish that social issues (legal or illegal) that could be committed by either national or transnational immigrants,