History Of The Inter-American Economic And Social Council (CIES)

The often told story of America’s founding begins the Founding fathers waged a revolution and created a unique place called the United States of America. This story may include the early Jamestown colony and puritan colonists, and at times deal with the depollution and dispossession of the America’s native inhabitants. However frequently the complex nature of America’s prerevolutionary era is left out. Daniel Richter offers a refreshing non-teleological revision by showing that the United States has a much deeper history. Richter presents America as a nation with multiple pasts that stretch back as far as the middle ages. These pasts, he argues, continue to be felt in the present. Richter’s history utilizes a vast array of primary sources and his cultural history spans more than seven centuries. Richter works to recover the histories of an intermingling sort of individuals from North America, Europe, and Africa. The struggle for control of land and resources of these individuals took place in a global context. This multilayer struggle gradually gave rise to a distinctive American culture. Richter argues that by dissecting and understanding this culture on its own—and not as a build-up to an inevitable revolution—reveals the origins of American history.

What was one of the earlier attempts to create an institution to promote international cooperation?

On December 20, 1860, just a little over a month after the election of Abraham Lincoln, South Carolina seceded the union. Becoming the first state ever to do so, and this action set the example for similar results to happen in fellow slave holding states; throughout the beginning of 1861. Although South Carolina had come very close to secession before, first during the nullification crisis of 1832, and again at the State Convention of 1852, it would ultimately come to a breaking point after the of Election of 1860. Though the full severity of this movement was played down at first in Northern newspapers at first, the real gravity of the situation would soon be felt throughout the Union. This election became the last straw in a series of

The political and social ideologies during the founding of the United States greatly influenced the actions taken by the founding fathers, including the writing of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The founding fathers’ strong belief that liberties were freedoms that could never be taken away lead to the Bill of Rights — ten amendments to the constitution that seek to protect certain liberties associated with the inalienable rights of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”. The liberties of religion, peaceful assembly, speech, and press were perhaps the most important to the founding fathers; they were listed first and the actions associated with these liberties ultimately led to the formation of the new country.

On July 4th, 1776 the American Colonists ' ratified The Declaration of Independence. This Declaration severed their final ties to England and idealized the formation of an equal society, independent of a corrupted centralized government like that of Britain. In order to accomplish this perfect nation, the Americans followed the Declaration with the creation of The Articles of Confederation. The Confederation 's purpose was to guide the young republic to a decentralized government that upheld the Republican theory that the common people were in a constant pursuit for the general welfare of all. Nonetheless, with both documents placing the principles of equality and fear of authoritarian power at the center of the nation 's identity, distinct social inequalities and issues of greed unveiled themselves. Due to such tyranny, at the end of the eighteenth century America reformed her republic with the institution of a federal constitution. Yet, the emergence of Hamilton’s Financial Program and the Sedition Act from this reform led the society to segregation and wrought with the unequal distribution of power. Therefore, as the United States of America progressed it did not remain true to its revolutionary ideals of equality and government by the common people to foster a society based on civic virtue.

The Council of Federated Organizations was an "umbrella organization composed of several civil rights groups working independently in Mississippi. " COFO was formed in response to the division of the Civil Rights Movement in the state. It was an attempt to unify the progress of each group in a larger movement. The council unified the efforts of the Coordination Committee of the Student Nonviolence ( SNCC ), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) and the Congress of Racial Equality ( CORE)

The United States government has sets up a system where each of the states can set up their own laws. Since each state has that ability, anyone traveling from state to state can find this very difficult since the laws change from state to state. Kansas has set up several laws that seem ridiculous but there are some that actually have some logical reasoning behind them. It would be difficult for any police officer to enforce every single law from the state and the country. No one can remember every single law; after all, no one is perfect. Often local residents find they are irritated and frustrated, mostly at law enforcement, but also at people when they see people breaking the law and getting away with it. They ask themselves questions like; where are the police officers when the law is being broken, or where are the police when you need them. They fail to realize that the police cannot be everywhere at every second of the day.

Tolerance is one of the most important principle of the development and construction of the United States of America. Tolerance creates a peaceful society, where people feel respected or valued. When the founding fathers established this country, women were not respected as they are today. To have tolerance, means to have a permissive attitude toward opinions and practices that differ from one 's own. Even though within tolerance there several discrimination acts. Sexism, a discrimination against gender, being one main subject that is still being fought today in several countries all over and across the world.

In recent decades of the technological era we are seeing an increasing scope of the United States’ national government. Economic intervention, welfare services and homeland security were never planned to be a part of the national government’s agenda. These programs naturally became rolls of the federal government as time has passed through the needs of the people. The national government has drastically changed over the past 200 years since the original design. During the civil war and following the great depression the federal government took a major leap in the balance of power. The country was in a fragile state during both of these time periods and the country called for immediate action. This could only be done with the use of

With the development of nation states in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, sovereign nations started negotiating the commercial and trading rights with each other. These negotiations crystallised into formal bilateral agreements which served as a way to control and regulate state’s economic activity. By the end of the eighteenth century, nations without colonial holdings started to enter into new agreement to safeguard their economic interest in foreign countries. First such agreement (on the basis of John Adams’ draft model of treaty of alliance and commerce) was signed between US and France in 1778 named as ‘The Treaty of Amity and Commerce’. Later on referred as the ‘Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (FCNs)’ these treaties

IGOs are voluntary associations of sovereign states established to pursue many objectives for which states want to cooperate through sort of formal structure and to which states are unable to realize by themselves (Miller, 1994). There are hundreds of IGOs in today's world which are significant in their respective fields. They are created by treaties and negotiations which mainly reflect preferences of stronger states. Especially stronger states create IGOs because they need them to protect their interests. By and large, decisions made by IGOs are the product of negotiations among the governmental representatives assigned to them. In general, it is not idealism, but the need of states which tend them to cooperate with other states in the context of IGOs. Therefore, they are part of the Westphalia state system in which IGOs are instruments of nation-states (Miller, 1994: 67). Regarding to the function and the purpose of IGOs, the influence of state as an actor in international relation still remains strong but in a different way, IGOs replace the original ideas of individual states but to identify states which have the same normative behavior and same ambitions to form a cooperate with each other so as to achieve the same goal. Even said so, powerful states are less constrained by the principle of IGOs than those who are relatively weak (Ataman, 2000: 152-167). This suggests that state is the key element in

The authors go on to explain the concept of international organizations, and their importance in terms of international relations, from a historical perspective. As Yi-chong and Weller

Globalization has become one of the most influential forces in the twentieth century. International integration of world views, products, trade and ideas has caused a variety of states to blur the lines of their borders and be open to an international perspective. The merger of the Europeans Union, the ASEAN group in the Pacific and NAFTA in North America is reflective of the notion of globalized trade. The North American Free Trade Agreement was the largest free trade zone in the world at its conception and set an example for the future of liberalized trade. The North American Free Trade Agreement is coming into it's twentieth anniversary on January 1st, 2014. 1 NAFTA not only sought to enhance the trade of goods and services across

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a global organization that helps countries and producers of goods deal fairly and smoothly with conducting their business across international borders. It mainly does this through WTO agreements, which are negotiated and signed by a large majority of the trading nations in the world. The purpose of the WTO is to ensure that global trade commences freely, smoothly and predictably while also aiming to create economic peace and stability in the world through a multilateral system. This is based and applied to member states, currently 162 countries, that have consented and ratified the rules of the WTO in their individual countries. Simply put, these documents act as contracts that provide the legal framework for conducting business among nations, integrating into a country 's domestic legal system, therefore, applying to local companies and nationals in the conduct of business internationally. For instance, if a company were to open an office or business in a foreign country, the rules of the WTO dictates how that can be done.1

The EU recognizes that developmental efforts applied to individual cultural entities induce stability and a pro-western belief system (CS L2, 2013, 17). This framework serves to foster the integration of international partnerships with neighboring states and global partnerships with international powers such as the United States, Russia, the African Union, and the United Nations to pursue global stability through political, financial, and military efforts. The EU has also developed plans to invest and integrate with international organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), (MERCOSER) and, Interpol to provide assistance in the foundation and continuance of an effective law and order structure, as well as fair trade principles within emerging democracies, and to assist recovering states with re-establishing financial and governmental integrity. These results will lead to an enhanced strategic position and level of security for the EU and its allies