The Ottoman Empire And The World Economy By Re?at Kasaba

While taking the class of Early Modern European History there was two states that really stuck out and peaked my interest the most. They were the Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe. If you compare and contrast both the Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe during the 16th Century through the 18th Century, you will see that there are a number of similarities as well as differences when you look at the expansion of the states. You will also see many of these contrasts as well when you look in terms of each states military and commerce. Although the Ottoman Empire existed before the 16th century and continued to exist past the 18th century and in great decline until the early 20th century, when looking at the state as a whole the time

The Ottoman Turks emerged on the periphery of the Byzantine Empire and the Saljuk Turks. Under a Turkish Muslim warrior named Osman, raids were conducted in western Anatolia on Byzantine settlements and a vast number of Turks were united under his banner. Those Turks who flocked to Osman's banner and followed him into the history books came to be called the Ottomans. The word Ottoman, fits these Turks well as it roughly translates from Turkish as "those associated with Oman."

12.  In what ways was the Ottoman Empire important for Europe in the early modern era?

The Ottoman Empire’s politics were very clever to achieve rapid success because its structure was based on adaptation and attractions. During Osman’s reign, the sultan, the empire adopted many ideologies from their adversaries to persuade people to joined their improved kingdom. In the book, Pollard explains how, “[ the Ottomans] transformed themselves from warrior bands roaming the borderlands between Islamic and Christian worlds into rulers of a settled state…,” (Pollard, Pg. 392). They saw a clearer vision that their laying foundations was their military might and civilian bureaucracy. Their strategy for territorial expansion across the continent was by attracting civilians to join their military. The soldiers were promised wealth for their victories earned in the

The Ottoman Empire, by the late 18th century was deteriorating at a rapid rate. Once called the

The book starts out talking about Egypt and Iran in the late nineteenth century. It says how during the nineteenth century, the major European powers expanded their overseas empires and protected their principal imperial possessions by entering into agreements among themselves or by neutralizing the rulers of territories bordering on those possessions. Next, the chapter talks about Iran during the second half of the nineteenth century. European influences came to Iran, because powerful forces of decentralization had taken root in Iran during the chaotic period between the fall of the Safavids in 1722 and the consolidation of the Qajar dynasty. The next chapter discusses how those that had escaped direct occupation-Iran, the Ottoman Empire, Afghanistan, and Morocco-

As for the Ottoman Empire, they use to hold “the central political fixture of a widespread Islamic World”. However, when they lost their central hold they were found to be more inferior to Europe. By mid to the end of the nineteenth century “ the Ottoman Empire was no longer able to deal with Europe from a position of equality, let alone superiority.” Overall, the Ottoman Empire was tired of the way Europe was taking control of them. This is important because with the conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Europe they were not able to successfully interact during the imperialization.

The actions of World War I had inconceivable consequences for the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. World War I marked the end of the, already dwindling, Empire and its scope of influence on the world. With this collapse, the Middle East fell into the hands of the British and the Allied forces who arbitrarily divided up the the region to create new nation states. Nations are large aggregates of people who have imagined sovereign rights, commonality, and political community with myths and history that create unity. Instability within the Ottoman Empire helped provide a path for local and international actors to influence the shaping of the region. Among many missteps and political choices there were three distinct players that profoundly

During the 19th century the Middle East found themselves with a problem of establishing an identity or nationalism. Through defensive developmentalism the Middle East had sought to counter the imperialistic approach of the West, yet still begin to modernize their land. The world was developing rapidly and the Middle East wanted to ensure that they did not fall behind. However, the approach backfired and the Middle East found themselves struggling to establish their own modern identity and falling victim to becoming more like the Europeans. Many new ideas and new movements developed through Middle Easterners, some wanted to modernize and began to fuse European and Arabic tradition, while others wanted to re-establish Islamic tradition. Most detrimental to these new ideas and movements was the emergence of the modern public sphere. The modern public sphere flowed into all aspects of these new movements and had many effects on the Middle East. In essence, this idea of modernization would combine with the imperialism of European thoughts, as well as components of the industrial revolution and would lay the foundation for the fusing of the Europeans with Islamic traditions.

?Turkish society has changed due to a response to socioeconomic changes instituted by the secular government after 1923. Before the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Turkish society was characterized by many illiterate farmers. Today however, through the leadership of the new government, Turkey has transformed itself into a growing industrialized country with public education and elections in which people can vote. However, because ruling civilians and military personnel implement new policies without consulting those who are affected, some resistance has been met with this new government (A Country Study). Being met by force, this

The relations between Turkey and Russia have been difficult because they had different economical and political interests. During the Ozal’s period, the relations are

Turkey is in a unique position to influence the world due to its geographic location as well as the status of its membership within the international community; politically and economically. Turkey in its present form is not necessarily an ancient country, however as the successor to the Ottoman Empire following World War I it does contain a lengthy heritage as a world power. Turkey elects a president every five years under its democratic system, which promotes privatization and capitalism as two of its main economic practices. While the two aspects of a country’s foreign and domestic policy are typically correlated strongly, as a result of its position as the gateway between Europe and the Middle East Turkey’s policies have an even stronger impact on its neighboring countries. Turkey is one of the world’s largest economies but also one wrought with domestic issues that are inhibiting growth. Similarly, the conflict within Syria and Iraq impacted Turkey’s internal and external security situations, thereby increasing economic volatility and decreasing foreign investor confidence. Ultimately, Turkey represents a country in the upper third internationally regarding economic development albeit one that requires economic, security, and political reform to calm its volatility and create a stable leading nation.

Long before Turkey was a nation and Europe was a continent, the people of those two lands have been warring. The Middle East, meanwhile, has developed its own culture of Islamic heritage and over time the European region has developed its own western culture. Caught in a tug of war is the nation of Turkey. This large nation spans the physical divide between the two regions. With borders touching Syria and Iraq on the east and western borders reaching to Bulgaria and Greece, Turkey finds itself in an awkward place. Europe is in a state of progress and development with the

The Turkish government has fought the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK) for the last thirty-two years. The conflict has claimed countless thousands of lives, and caused more than 300,000 to go homeless following the destruction of their villages (Mandıracı, 2016). Despite these atrocities Turkey’s economy has steadily grown, though at a slower rate than otherwise would be possible. Turkey has a highly diversified economy with strong sectors including agriculture, automotive production and shipbuilding. Turkey trades with neighboring countries including the U.S. and the United Kingdom, although there is a sizeable trade imbalance. Foreign Direct Investment figures are rising. Turkey has enjoyed support from the U.S. since the 1950’s and has partnered with the US militarily most notably in Afghanistan. Turkey has strong allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the European Union (EU). Tipping the scales downwards is Turkey’s vision of itself. It seeks to create a version of democracy marked by intolerance of Kurds. It is the most serious problem Turkey faces.

This research would examine the factors that played a big role in helping or undermining Turkey-EU relationship. In which we seek to understand the delay of such giving a membership. In order to identify these factors we would examine the historic development for the EU-Turkey relations since 1959. It worthy to mention that, these developments can explain why little progress was accomplished in the recent times. We also would examine the role of the Justice and Development