The Outsider, by Albert Camus and The Assault, by Harry Mulisch

Meursault's character is the determining factor in his conviction and sentencing. His social rebellion is deemed immoral and abominable. The reader and the novel's characters both try to rationalize Meursault's actions in order to give his life meaning. But according to Meursault, life is meaningless and consequently needs no justification.

To juxtapose Meursault’s acceptance, Albert Camus subtly uses light imagery to tie in the prosecutor’s case against Meursault to finally try and find a cause for the crime. When he is giving his speech about Meursault’s crime being “premeditated,” he says, “’First, in the blinding clarity of the facts, and second, in the dim light cast by the mind of this criminal soul” (99). These allusions to light imagery connect the prosecutor’s case to the cause being the

Meursault’s unending days in prison confirms his realization of meaninglessness of life. For Meursault, the days in prison “ended up flowing into one another” seeming endless, symbolizing he was trapped. In prison, he understands where his life is headed and the meaninglessness of life, “For me it was one and the same unending day that was unfolding in my cell and the same thing I was trying to do” (81). This shows how life is same thing over and over again and just a series of events and choices for

It is amazing how memories can be jogged by a single person, object, sound or scent. The people Anton has met and the places he revisits allow him to remember the events of his torturous past, which permit him to determine his future. Without memories people would not be able to be happy and reminisce on all the great moments

All the facts the prosecutor presents are valid and true, though unrelated to his case. From the prosecutor's point of view, Meursault is a “monster, a man without morals” (96). Even Meursault agrees that "what he was saying was plausible" (99). The reader, who knows all of Meursault’s thoughts, knows how absurd the prosecution’s accusations are. Throughout the trial, Camus explains that perception means everything, and there is no absolute truth.

Yet the past is always brought forth with the present. The “ghosts of his past” (Mizner 309) are symbolic of mistakes made and forever embedded in life. One could say time heals wounds however time does not erase wounds. One can see this reference to time in the way Helen’s sister the legal guardian of Honoria nearly has a breakdown when she thinks Charlie is still the same as he once was (Mizner 314-315). The details of her sister’s death are

In the novel, The assault, Henry Mulisch’s narrative style allows the readers to dig a lot deeper than to just skim through the pages. By allowing the readers to put themselves inside the story, he brings out in his novel the true meaning of what a human goes through and how they cope with tragedies from a serious life event; in this case, a violent assault. By reading Mulisch’s novel you get to see inside Anton’s miseries and see his life from a different perspective. Anton is constantly looking for reassurance in his life for what happened to him in his violent childhood. The violence that had happened to him has made him suppress his memories and he does not seek to find the true answers to what had happened that horrible day. He tries to numb himself from his past and push through life to try to live normally while trying to push past his feelings of his violence. While Anton struggles with life and his suppressed memories, he faces several aspects of life throughout the time has helped him stitch in the missing pieces of the violent occurrences of the assault. This brings himself one step closer to coming to piece with all his memories each time he breaks down a piece of that distance that he has formed between that life event and himself. This being said, Henry Mulisch shows the readers how Anton eventually comes to terms with his suppressed memories of his violence from his past with time.

While creating a world where the past is all encompassing leads to lack of ‘existing’ in the present; only existing in the present constructs a world of ignorance and inauthenticity. In these two communities hate and violence are ever present and always simmering beneath the narrative. This hate -- whether it be for ‘Others’ or their own people perpetuates stereotypes, or creates an insular environment where hatred breeds and misunderstanding grows. Ignorance of the past occurs for many reasons in both of the novels; fear of the future, distraction and the inability to act. However, Ricoeur states that we have ‘duty’ to remember the past: so that the next generation does not commit the same mistakes (10).

Camus employs a change in routine, Meursault having food with other people, which reveals the unexpected cause for him becoming involved and encountering bad situations. Meursault mentions that “I ate at the restaurant, at Céleste’s, as usual” (Camus, 3), which displays his every day routine. The principal factor of his everyday routine which involves food, usually took place at Céleste’s. Meursault in the textual quote displays a shift in his food routine when mentioning, ‘I’ve [Raymond] got some blood sausage and some wine at my place. How about joining me’ (28)? Raymond’s invitation leads up to him becoming involved in a faulty situation. Meursault mentions the situation when saying, “He’d thought of asking me to write it for him. Since I didn’t say anything, he asked if I’d mind doing it right then and I said no” (32). Through the excuse of just having dinner with Raymond, it results in Meursault writing a letter to Raymond’s ex-girlfriend. Later the letter causes a quarrel which results in Meursault becoming a witness as well. Another instance of a change from Céleste’s restaurant is when Meursault consumes coffee at

In the novel, The Stranger by Albert Camus, Meursault the protagonist, becomes drawn into a “senseless” murder that has to face the absurdity of life and because of his actions, Meursault is presented as a danger due to his lack of “morality” to society. Meursault who is not able to take control of his life but respond to what life offers him believes in the simplicity of life. He tries to understand the living through logic and objectivity, which ultimately turns futile, as he himself cannot maintain proper control over his thoughts and emotions. From the interactions between Marie, to the murder of the Arab, and the meeting with the Chaplain, Meursault overcomes his indifferent views to form an opinion about what life really means. The central theme presented by Camus is how the threat of mortality becomes a catalyst for understanding the significance of life.

Meursault was introduced as a young man whom recently found out his mother, Maman, died. He was not the most emotional person, but he dealt with his feelings the best he knew how. Meursault lived his life on the verge of truth and honesty. He was honest within every aspect of life, from women to freedom. He was never certain about anything in life ,but one thing he was sure of, death was inevitable. After murdering an Arab, he was on trial in front of many people being interrogated with many questions about why he did what he did, but also to evaluate his psyche about the situation. Unlike others, Meursault did not hide from the truth and that is what others could not cope with. Living his life the way others were afraid to, Meursault was the outcast in his society.

When he returns home to Algiers, Meursault carries on with life as normal. Over dinner one evening, his neighbor Raymond tells of his desire to punish his mistress for infidelity, and asks Meursault to write a letter to the mistress for him. Meursault agrees, saying "I tried my best to please Raymond because I didn’t have any reason not to please him" (32). While Raymond is a man of questionable morals, he acts with purpose. Meursault, on the other hand, acts with mostly passive indifference, doing things simply because he doesn’t have a reason not to do them.

This easy-going, pleasant hedonism is interrupted permanently by Meursault's murder of the Arab on the beach. Not only is he incarcerated, but also he must examine the reality behind the illusion of his trial and, ultimately, of his life. Introspection has not been his metier. It takes him a while to realize that the judge, the jury, the journalists, even his own lawyer, do not wish him well. Meursault finally realizes that he is going to be convicted, not because he killed an Arab but because he did not mourn his mother's death.

Both Meursault’s lawyer and the prosecutor create explanations for Meursault’s crime that are based on reason and logic. The prosecutor even claims to have figured out the intent behind Meursault’s actions saying, “I have retraced for you the course of events which led this man to kill with full knowledge of his actions”(100). However, rationalizing behavior only serves to deny the alarming idea that the world is completely random. Therefore, Meursault’s trial shows absurdity and society’s futile attempt to impose rationality on every aspect of the universe.

In Meursault’s world, no action needs reasons to explain them. The irrationality of his actions versus the need for others to justify it through moral lenses exemplifies absurdity. In Myth of Sisyphus, Camus writes, “…absurdity springs from a comparison…it bursts from a comparison between an action and the world that transcends it” (“Myth” 10). Absurdity comes when the society tries to explicate an action or an idea that’s not ‘usual’ or ‘normal.’ To Camus, however, there is no ‘normal’ and ‘usual,’ because the universe’s irrationality cannot be explained and categorized. This belief resides within Meursault’s only two active interactions with the universe: his relationship with Marie and his killing of an Arab. When Marie asks him why he wishes to marry her, he writes, “I explained to her that it didn’t really matter and that if she wanted to, we could get married” (The Stranger, 41). Between marrying and not marrying Marie, there is no change and importance to Meursault’s life. In society’s effort to justify marriage, the couple is expected to love each other and the situation Meursault is