The Oxford Dictionary gives five different definitions of the meaning of “politics.” One definition

The study of politics has evolved throughout the different epochs of history. The study of politics, by political philosophy, dates back at least fifth century B.C., where Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, were credited by being called its “founding fathers” (Chiranjeev et al., 2013, p42.). Political philosophy, as a study of politics, has progressed throughout the history of studying political phenomena. It brought numerous issues, revolutions, approaches, etc. on how to study politics. Two of which are the formation of political science and political theory. The connection between the three, political philosophy, political science, and political theory, is something that can be related to Hegelian dialectics. By analyzing political philosophy’s progress, it would give a better light on how the former molded the emergence of political science and theory.

Politics is not as the common person may define it. It is not dependent of any other doctrine or ideology; it is its

Politics: In a word, Politics is the process to increase personal interest or advantage. General peoples have a common concept about politics that it’s always related to government affair. They also think it means corruption,movement,murder,strike etc. but this notion is wrong. Politics may be contains in three levels.These are:-

More commonly known as Dante, Inferno, The Divine Comedy: Inferno is a telling of Dante the pilgrim’s journey though the many rings of Hell by Dante Alighieri. At the time of its creation the poem carried a lot of weight by using nearly all of the prominent figures of the time to establish the dos and don’ts of Christianity. For example, when Dante’s journey begins he finds himself in the circle of the lustful where he lays his eyes on many recognizable figures that even those of us today can recognize, those such as; Dido, Helen of Troy, and Achilles. The story very carefully exaggerates the cardinal sin of these people in a way that clearly lines out how it lead to their doom, a brilliant teaching tool for new Christians. However, this

Dante had different thoughts when seeing the good and the evil sinners. As Dante goes through the Inferno, he sees sinners who are tearing up and looking terrible. In circle eight, he witnessed sinners who have committed fraud and rape, yet also saw some who were accidently accused of those crimes and did not deserve to be in Hell. “Here pity, or here piety, must die if the other lives; who’s wickeder than one that’s agonized by God’s high equity?” (Aligheri, Canto 20). He felt pity for some, in which Virgil had to tell him to bear with it and that there is no pity in Hell. Dante was biased about his thoughts of good and evil when determining which sinner was good and which sinner was evil. Sinners are also in Purgatory and are considered good too, since they repented their sins.

Dante despised the church for this corruption. Most of his bitterness for the church though came from his disagreements with the church leaders. He made many enemies throughout his life from his opinions. The Divine Comedy was a way for him to send them all to Hell, figuratively. Dante knows a lot of people, and likes to talk with the politicians and clergy while he was down in Hell. One of the people in the poem that was mentioned was Pope Nicholas III who confessed to Dante that he tried to buy himself into Heaven. He hates himself for it and is full of grief but he mentioned that there are so many worse people on Earth who have a more horrible fate. Dante does not have any sympathy towards Nicholas. He believes that his punishment fits the crime. Then Dante breaks and tells his negative

Dante also shows which sins he sees as the worst of sins, putting betrayers in the lowest circle of hell. Dante employs some common sense while discussing hell, putting obvious sinners in the lower circles and prone to harsher punishments, but he also puts the not-so obvious sinners in hell. Even though one may think he is doing the right thing, all motives are evaluated upon judgment and even a trace of selfishness or greed may threaten one’s chance in heaven. This is why Dante’s hell is rife with politicians and leaders. Although they may have the community’s best interests at heart, politicians become obsessed with fame and glory, often forgetting that they are representatives of the people.

Miguel de Cervantes was born on September 29, 1547 in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. Sadly he died at the age of sixty-nine on April 22, 1616 in Madrid, Spain. Did you know that his full name was Miguel de Cervantes Saaverdra. Miguel de Cervantes was a very skillful man that was capable of having many occupations. He was many things during his time such as being a novelist, playwright, poet, and a military leader.

Miguel de Cervantes was born in 1547 in Spain, where he lived nearly his whole life. In the late 1590s, Cervantes wrote what is considered by most to be the first modern novel in history and one that entirely changed the tone of the Northern Renaissance, Don Quixote. In Don Quixote, Cervantes describes the fictional world of Don Quixote as he goes on an adventurous journey as a knight, saving princesses, fighting giants, and enduring through countless situations in which the odds stacked against him. This stereotypical journey of a knight, however, is only a fictional world in the imagination of Don Quixote, as he pictures

Critics Daniel Tompsett and Donald Winchester and literary scholar Nicole Rudick have argued that Dante’s Inferno is a dark and hopeless telling of how we are all relegated to sin and lack the will or righteousness to turn from sin and temptation. Tompsett and Winchester state that, “The placement of living figures in each section was a judgment and a condemnation, albeit subjective, on both history and the people he knew (Tompsett).” They both agree that Dante is painting a picture of the dredges of society and the torture that they must endure as a result of their inability to turn from sin. They also quote scholar David H. Higgins to say that “Dante arguably believed he was writing a gospel to convert his recalcitrant age (Tompsett).” Scholar and critic Nicole Rudick confirms this portrayal of dismal hopelessness with her comment, “Dante created a rigid view of good and evil, showing no mercy for those who did not repent during their lifetimes and sparing no one in his accounting of misdeeds, vice, immorality, and generally inappropriate comportment (Rudick 29).” It is my opinion that the aforementioned scholars and critics are missing Dante’s point. When I read the poem I am overcome with quite the opposite view. I believe that a better way to interpret Dante’s poem is to consider that he was asking each of us to reflect on our waywardness and sin and to come to the

“Political philosophy” and “political theory” are versatile, yet relative terms. Ironically, the most unifying aspect of both definitions is their fluidity. One of the only things that theorists concur on is the purpose of a political theory, which is to incite change to a certain degree. The intention of political theorists and political philosophers alike is to unveil the deeper problems in our world, and to emphasize the importance of contemplation as a catalyst for rectification.

Politics is about governance thus political analyst utilize basic scientific research such as the normative and behaviorist approach to gain knowledge. This systematic approach or aspect of politics makes it scientific. Politics is not hard science per say but it is a discipline that can be analyzed using rational principles, measurements and observations.

In Dante’s Inferno, Dante’s background plays a prominent role in how he illustrates politics in Hell. He incorporates the history of the Church during the 1300s.The poet illustrates the venal behaviors of both religious figures, and the Catholic Church in its entirety. Dante’s resentment towards the church is primarily due to the corruption that the church displayed during his time period, “his heart overflows with the wrath he feels against those who corrupt the things of God”(Dante 152).  The ordeals during that time period influenced him to write the Inferno as a forewarning towards

Dante Alighieri lived during a time of various warring political sides and became strongly involved in politics as much as his education and writing. He was then exiled by the unstable political climate but remained determined to contribute to Florence’s well being through his writing of the epic poem, The Inferno, attempting to cleanse corrupt figures, who he believed contributed no positive aspects to Florence, by putting them in certain places of his Hell. He creates a protagonist, modeled off himself to do this and throughout the poem Dante, the protagonist, shows hostility towards sinners who contradicted his political stance such as the wrathful Filippo Argenti through diction. However, Alighieri seems to show sympathetic feelings towards the heretic Farinata Degli Uberti through diction and imagery, but he was on an opposing political side of Dante, yet Dante seems to overlook his opposing ideas and sin because the sinner states his good will towards Florence. Finally, another important sinner, Sodomite Ser Brunetto Latino, is shown compassion through Dante’s interactions and the author’s diction, which suggests that Dante Alighieri seems to only respect sinners who tried to protect or create a prosperous Florence, which is why he overlooks their political stance and/or sins.

     Judging by the character in the story Dante is a god fearing man who has moral issues in his life. He seem to be in a constant fight with himself about the right way he should live his life. By the end of the story Dante gives the impression that he a is strong believer in the theory of “you reap what you sow”. By the end of the story Dante gives you the impression that he does not feel pity for sinners being punished because he looks at it as a form of divine intervention.