The Paris Peace Settlement, 1919-1920

The immediate effect of the 1848 revolution in France was a series of liberal and nationalistic demonstrations in the German state, with rulers promising liberal concessions. In document 4, Johann Gustav Droysen conveys his Speech to the Frankfurt Assembly(1848). It characterizes the need for German unification, and the only way to achieve this goal is by excluding Austria and including Prussia. This speech is allegedly biased because the entire goal of the Frankfurt Assembly was to obtain Prussian support ,and Austria made it clear that they would remain in favor of the present system. Later the Frankfurt parliament was dissolved without achieving much aside from the airing of liberal desires, and once again failing to revolutionize. In document 5, Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia Proclamation of 1849 discusses how he is not able to grant the German states their wishes. The purpose of this document is to inform people that the rights cannot be granted until consent of the German governments is given. Once again the attempt for change and reform is denied and yet another failure to the revolutions of

First, before the Second World War, the nation of Czechoslovakia had been a strong democracy in Central Europe, but beginning in the mid 1930s it faced challenges from both the West and the East. Until the Soviet’s invasion where they installed a whole new communist government in Prague. For the next twenty

During the seventeenth century Europe witnessed two prominent forms of government, an absolutist and a limited/constitutional. Both governments were constructed through several key figures that were in control of the countries, some more stable than others. Although these key figures tried to dominate the government under absolute authority their control was still limited. Absolutists monarchies were trying to be established all over the country, unfortunately many of them failed due to various factors. Throughout the seventeenth century Europe rulers have tried to maintain an absolutist monarchy however society still found some holes in their power, which limited the ruler’s control.

England’s lengthy history of hereditary monarchs and abusive absolutists has led to the system of constitutionalism in 17th century English government. The encouragement of these absolutism practices triggered the need to search for a new way to govern. The reigns of the Stuart monarchy led to the shift from absolutism to constitutionalism during 17th century England. After witnessing the success of Louis XIV's of France establishment of absolutism, England would soon see that James I, and his son Charles I, will fail at establishing absolutism in England and see a constitutional government established.

The revolutions of the mid 1700’s to the early 1800’s ranged in reasons, tactics, and countries of origin, but they share similar traits and outcomes. From Taxes and debts to murder and slavery, these colonies fight for a chance to govern themselves and so what they think is right. The passion of the oppressed fighting for their lives prove time and time again to overthrow skilled armies fighting for a king.

The establishment of the National Assembly that integrated different classes of people into one government signifies the growing public voice in political arena as citizens urged an end to hunger and unfair taxation system. Ever since King XVI summoned the Estates General to tackle the problems of food shortage and economic crisis, the Third Estate, who represented every French except the clergies and the nobles, has been constantly demanding for more voting rights to make people’s hardship known to the king and the other two estates. They thus assembled lists of grievances from citizens throughout France which called for a limit to

Was signed by Britain, Spain, and France on February 10th 1763. It gave up all French territory in mainland North America which ended military threat posed by the French to the British colonies.

n March 2nd 1917, the rule of a 300-year-old dynasty was laid to rest as Tsar Nicholas II signed his warrant for abdication, officially sanctioning the end of the Romanov Dynasty. The immediate cause permitting this action was the success of the February Revolution however; this event evolved because of several internal and external factors, both long and short term in nature. Predominant among all we recognise the perpetuation of an outdated system of rule, the repercussions of rapid industrialisation, emerging doctrines of liberalism, political inflexibility and the vices imposed by the First World War. These factors progressively embellished societal discontent among the Russian people and inexorably stimulated the insurrection of the February Revolution.

“Most influential of these representatives in the Congress of Vienna was the foreign minister of Austria, Prince Klemens von Metternich” (Beck, 238). “At the Congress of Vienna, which convened after Napoleon’s abdication in 1814, Metternich shone brightly as the “coachman of Europe,” guiding policies and decision” (Peterson-Bennett, 632). The Austrian emperor, Francis I, who wanted a

The ideals of the Vienna Congress were strengthened in 1824 with Louis XVIII's death, when the throne was occupied by his brother, the Count of Artois. Receiving the royal title of Charles X, he restored in France a government along the lines of the Old Regime absolutism, restoring the privileges of the clergy and nobility. There was a strong opposition from the liberals to Charles X, and under the leadership of Duke

Then after the French king, Charles VI, became unable to rule, many “rival factions of French nobles” sought the position and began a civil war in the process. (Spielvogel 287) Similarly, Germany “had already begun to fall apart in the High Middle Ages… [because] the failure of the Hohenstaufen ended any chance of centralized monarchical authority, and Germany became a land of hundreds of virtually independent states.” (Spielvogel 287) Even if these states were bound by the king of Germany or the Holy Roman Emperor, they were highly independent. Gradually, Germany began to adopt an electoral system for their king as stated by the Golden Bull, therefore, power was transferred to the people, the German monarchy became on the “verge of anarchy.”(Spielvogel 287) South of Germany, Italy also lacked a centralized monarchical state due to papal opposition and its division into separate kingdoms. Eventually, tyrants began a limited rule of Italy that became “long-term despotism” of ever growing regional states. (Spielvogel 288) Thus, centralized monarchical rule became a rare sight in Europe, excluding certain areas.

The Successes and Failures of the Treaty of Versailles in Addressing the Causes of Conflict and Restoring Peace and Normality

Assess the impact of Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen points on the Paris Peace Settlement and determine whether Wilson was successful in his goals.

The Restoration of Europe in the first half of the nineteenth century also contributed to the revolutionary movement that occurred in 1848. The leaders that assembled in the Congress of Vienna embraced the conservative idea of monarchial legitimacy, where the right to rule a government was decided by hereditary succession, with close association with the church.

The catastrophes of the past are the foundation of the future, events that occurred in the past cause people to envision a “better life” of not only for themselves but a society as a whole. By envisioning a better future individual rose up, advocated ideas, and policies that they believed would help in advancing their countries. For the purpose of this course, let us discuss the uprising of the Russian government and the European Council; both as single entities have their own goals, but collectively they seek to benefit their country(‘s) and promote prosperity, but through history and the changes of power has that aim been reached? Or if it is already has reached it, will these forms of government fail?