Problem: A man arrives at a clinic with complaints of asthenia, malaise, headache, weight gain, and a decrease in urination. A tentative diagnosis of acute renal failure is made. 1. Explain the pathophysiology of acute renal failure. Include prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes. The Urinary System plays an important role in our everyday life. It’s most important functions are maintenance of homeostasis, manufacture hormones that we need, and to process our wastes for elimination. Our kidneys
Since the introduction of the magnetic resonance imaging unit, diagnostic medicine has flourished. The ability to see different pathologies in a detailed soft tissue image has helped guide doctors in providing patients with better treatment and therefore a better prognosis. In many cases, magnetic resonance imaging is the golden standard in diagnostic studies. This is especially true when studying blood vessels. The majority of doctors turn to a magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) method called bright
incidence of 2.79 million cases. (1) The incidence of extra pulmonary tuberculosis is increasing at a very fast rate due to lack of awareness, negligence and growing number of immunocompromised patients (HIV, diabetic, chronic liver disease, chronic renal failure, chemotherapeutic drugs) and MDR-TB. Tubercular arthritis contributes to a small fraction of cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis however is associated with increased morbidity. Its insidious onset, indolent and nonspecific clinical presentation
cancer includes radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), chemoradiotherapy (CRT), surgery, and subsequent incorporation of molecularly targeted agents. With multimodality treatment, local recurrence rates became less than 10% with the predominant mode of failure is the development of distant metastases (30–35%). Therefore, the addition of induction CT is not aimed to improve local efficacy, but to better control distant disease [1, 2]. The neoadjuvant RT/CRT has been shown to be superior to adjuvant treatment
been detected in kidneys where they have been found to be crucial for renal development and normal physiological functions as well as significant contributors to the pathogenesis of renal disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, lupus nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and others due to their effects on key genes involved in these disease processes. miRNAs have also emerged as novel biomarkers in these renal disorders. Due to increasing evidence of their actions in various kidney
Discussion Leptospirosis is a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in the tropics.The clinical presentation of leptospirosis in humans is variable, and can range from a mild flu-like illness to a severe disease with pulmonary hemorrhage, renal failure, and occasionally death. Consequently, leptospirosis is easily mistaken for other febrile illnesses including influenza, dengue fever, meningitis, or hepatitis. Therefore, rapid and appropriate laboratory diagnostic tests are needed to aid clinical
was first isolated in 1970 from urine collected from a renal transplant recipient whose initials were B.K. It causes symptomatic and asymptomatic human infection [4]. After primary infection, usually acquired asymptomatically in childhood, BKV remains latent in many sites, particularly in the renourinary tract [5]. BKV reactivation is observed following immunosuppression, such as in organ transplant recipients [6]. BKV is popular problem in renal transplant recipients, with disease is linked to the
suffering from what was once and unknown and untreatable virus. Non-A and non-B hepatitis are two forms of the virus that were prevalent back in the 1970’s. It was commonly acquired via blood transfusion as well as through hemodialysis methods of renal failure patients (Klevens et al., 2012). Today, the most common means of transmission are through intravenous drug use, needle stick injuries in a health care setting, and transmission from mother to fetus during birth (Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Aldosterone: Role in Edematous Disorders, Hypertension, Chronic Renal Failure, and Metabolic Syndrome. Schrier RW, Masoumi A, Elhassan E. University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado. Abstract The role of aldosterone has expanded from the hormone's genomic effects that involve renal sodium transport to nongenomic effects that are independent of the effect of aldosterone on sodium transport. The nongenomic effects of aldosterone to increase fibrosis, collagen deposition, inflammation, and
has become increasingly complex, and most clinical research focuses on new approaches to diagnosis and treatment. There have been significant advances in medical technology used in patient treatment and care. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in an acute hospital is designed to treat the most complex and unstable medical and surgical patient. Most ICU admissions occur because the patient requires technology that is available only within the ICU for monitoring or therapeutic purposes (Scales et al