The Patient Population Of Middle Adulthood And Middle Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

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The increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is causing huge health problem through out the world including developed countries. Mostly people with low income groups are affected in developed countries (Zimmet 2001).The magnitude of the healthcare problem of type 2 diabetes results mainly from its association with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Indeed, type 2 diabetes has now been identified as one manifestation of the “metabolic syndrome”, a condition characterised by insulin resistance and associated with a range of cardiovascular factors (Jonathan 2003)

Before we started, I thanked Bob for agreeing to an interview. I also assured him that all the information he would share with me would be kept confidential and it would be used only for educational purposes.

It is a silent, deadly killer that often escapes blame. It is type 2 diabetes. According to the World Health Organization, 347 million people have diabetes worldwide, and 90-95% of these cases are type 2 diabetes. To make matters worse, it is estimated that around 25% of all cases go undiagnosed before it is too late. Even then, one’s death is often attributed to other things such as heart disease, stroke, or kidney failure. Type 2 diabetes is a serious disease that causes the body to become insulin resistant, hindering the body’s ability to process sugar, and it can be largely attributed to lifestyle choices and genetic factors. Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death, but this statistic is skewed in that the primary cause of death

Today “more than 29 million Americans are living with diabetes” (cdc.gov) this means that about 9 percent of the population in the United States is currently living with diabetes. There are two different subcategories of diabetes, type 1 diabetes which is mostly common in young children and adolescents and type 2 diabetes also known as adult onset diabetes, which is mostly found in adults, however is on the rise in children. “Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes, and type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5%.” (Santos-Longhurst, Adrian. "Type 2 Diabetes Statistics”.)

of the special nursing considerations for someone with Type 2 Diabetes. All points are covered

Diabetes is a growing problem in the Hispanic population. In fact, according to Duggan et al. (2014) “Hispanics have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes.” Hispanics also have a greater chance of experiencing complications due to not obtaining regular medical checkups and not monitoring their glucose levels (Duggan et al., 2014). As the problem continues to increase there have been many interventions created to help prevent diabetes among the Hispanic population. One of these interventions is training community health workers (promotores de salud) to help educate on disease prevention and promote a healthy lifestyle. Promotores de salud, according to Cruz, Hernandez-Lane, Cohello, and Bautista (2013), are “one of the most

Diabetes Type 2 is a lifelong disease that develops slowly. Type 2 diabetes causes the person fat, liver and muscle cells not to respond correctly to the hormone insulin, as a result the glucose doesn’t get into these cells to be stored in energy, which causes the levels of blood sugar in the blood to increase and eventually causing damage to the nerves and small blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys and heart and lead to atherosclerosis or the hardening of the arteries which causes a heart attack or stroke. Common symptoms of diabetes type 2 is fatigue, hunger because the body can’t process the food properly so its expelled through urine, increased thirst because the person keeps peeing out everything they are consuming which makes them thirsty,

There are three types of diabetes: type 1diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. All three are chronic conditions that "affect how the body uses blood glucose" or blood sugar. The body needs glucose because it is "an important source of energy for the cells that make up an individual 's muscles and tissues" Individuals with diabetes have too much glucose in their blood, which will inevitably lead to serious problems with a person 's health. Since every cell, tissue, and muscle needs glucose to function properly, it is important for a person who shows signs and symptoms of diabetes to see a doctor

Adult-Onset Diabetes, also known as Type 2 diabetes, is a condition that affects the metabolizing of sugar within your body; this is one of the body’s most important sources for fuel so it is crucial for the function to work or for you to be in control of the condition. The disease is most common in adults, but it is becoming more common in children because of the increase in childhood obesity in America and across the World. (Staff, Mayo Clinic 2016) Beginning in the 1990’s investigators began to observe that in some regions of the United States, Type 2 diabetes is as frequent as Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and teens. Type 2 diabetes is a serious and costly disease. There are many chronic complications that can arise, including

Another topic that is underlined throughout the book was Andie’s non-adherence to her insulin shot and other medications. Throughout the book, Andie has demonstrated many incidences of non-adherence. Andie does not use her needles properly and has intentionally miss insulin shots to lose weight. The reason behind her behavior can be explained by the “Health Belief Model” in the Adherence and Behavior section of PHRM 826 Patient Centered Care. For patients to take action, they need to have high perceived threat from not taking the action. Threat is influenced by severity of non-adherence and susceptibility of those severities. For Andie, she definitely has high perceived severity from knowledge of possible complications of diabetes from

A patient is referred to the medical center by a physician after which the doctor, patient, and pharmacist collaborate the best option for a successful health plan. The American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) came up with a framework to generate an ideal practice of Diabetes Self-Management Training (DSMT). The process was an interactive and collaborative one that convoluted a patient with a diabetic educator(s). “The steps of the procedure were comprised of assessing an individual’s educational needs, determining one’s self-management goals, educational and behavioral intervention, and evaluating the progress of a patient” (Shane-McWhorter, 2005). The educational behaviors that have been identified as essential to living a healthy lifestyle are called the AADE7TM. The behaviors include: healthy eating, physical activity, medication taking, monitoring, problem solving, healthy coping, and reducing risks. Pharmacists and their patients then set accomplishable goals based on those practices and after determined time periods evaluate the patients’ progress (Shane-McWhorter, n.d.).

Regarding the barriers of non-adherence, (Table 5). The commonest reasons reported by respondents for non-adherence to medication taking were forgetting their medication (86.7%)in control group followed by complexity of therapy 76.7% in both group . This finding is in accordance with that Bernardino et al. (2006), who found that, hypertensive patients may fail to take their medication due to forgetting, followed by complexity therapy. At the end of the study after educational intervention and 12-week follow-up, improvements in metabolic parameters and diet, exercise, and drug therapy compliance could be the result of increased disease awareness, lifestyle modifications, and regular follow-up. We think that educational program in combination with telephone follow-up contributes to this awareness and improvements.. In the present study, barriers of compliance to follow up were markedly due to difficult transportation 76.7% in both groups This finding goes in accordance with that of Finnerty, Mattie and Finnerty (2003), who reported that the causes of poor compliance to follow up clinic were Difficult transportation, long waiting time, overcrowded clinics and inconvenient place for waiting was considered another barrier of compliance. Another barrier of compliance to diabetic diet was the family could not serve special food representing 80% of control group and 26.7% in study. this might be due to the beneficial role of health education to patients and their families about the importance of social support in diabetic treatment treatment. This finding was in accordance with that reported by Korhonen et al.

In my personal opinion, patient compliance is the measurement of acceptance to the treatment provided by their healthcare professionals. A patient compliance or noncompliance can be factored by many variables, such as patient’s understanding of their treatment, their diagnosis, their cultural, background and personal beliefs or even their own research of their diagnosis. According to The Patients’ Adherence article, “Nonadherence carries a huge economic budget. Yearly expenditure for the consequences of nonadherence have been estimated to be in the hundreds of billions of US dollars. Estimates of hospitalization costs due to medication nonadherence are as high as $13,35 billion annually in the US alone.” (Martin, Williams, Haskard, & DiMattero,

In recent years, Russia has been dealing with a variety of nationwide health problems. These include the raging diabetes epidemic that they have been trying to avoid for decades. According to Chelsea Caesar of the Moscow Times, “Four million people have been diagnosed with diabetes in Russia, and almost 6 million people are unaware of their disease.”. This is seriously affecting their general population. Russia should focus their time and money on treatment and research for Diabetes, since it is so greatly affecting their economic, lifestyle and health status.