The Perception Of Risk And Its Effects On The Individual And Level Of Education

Risk for most people is an accepted part of everyday life e.g. catching a bus or walking to the shop etc... will carry some element of risk. Risk is associated with our health, safety, security, well being, employment, education, daily activities, using resources and equipment and community participation. Some adults such as those who are disabled or who are older are usually discouraged from taking risks with their budgeting, planning, employment and their daily living skills usually because people fear for their limitations or that they might hurt themselves or others. Everyone has the right to take risks and make

Risk is defined by the probability of injury, harm, loss or danger. We all take risks every day, and don’t even think about implications.

Risk: A risk is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm. (the likelihood of it happening).

Transcendentalism was a philosophical movement that began in the late 1820s and 1830s in eastern United States. This movement was a reaction to all the protesting going on against intellectualism and spirituality. For the transcendentalists, the individual was the center of the universe. No institution, whether is was religion or politics, was greater and more powerful than the human itself. Ralph Waldo and Henry David Thoreau were two very famous writers that made up most of the Transcendental movement.

We are all familiar with risk. In fact, it is a key component in our everyday material life and we often manage it automatically either when dealing with mundane tasks or major hazards.

Risk perception was separated into those opposing constructs for this study because of previous research on the topic (Fischoff et al., 1978; Slovic et al., 2007) and the desire to have study questions that the general public could comprehend. Moreover, optimism bias has been noted in previous risk perception research (Walker et al., 2003), and the harm and benefit perception questions asked in this particular study could elicit similar biases.

In today’s day and age, with all of the technological advances and advances in both science and education, risk management is a key component in most industries. From the moment a person wakes up each morning, there is an inherent risk involved with, literally, everything that takes place throughout that day. There is a risk of slipping and causing serious injury to one’s self in the shower. There is a risk of eating tainted food for breakfast or cutting one’s self with a sharp knife, causing sickness and injury throughout the rest of the day. The risks continue during the commute to and from work, regardless of how one gets there. Driving is always inherently dangerous because of the thousands of other motorists sharing the same road,

(2002) argue “Although these constructs clearly overlap with risk taking, none capture fully its broad, multidimensional nature, and currently there exists no universally accepted measure for the assessment of risk taking” (Lejuez et al., 2002, p. 75). Additionally, they point out the disadvantages of relying only on self-report measures, and validity issues with “existing behavioral risk tasks consistently have been shown to demonstrate poor convergent validity with self-report measures of risk-related constructs” (2002, p. 75). Therefore, Lejuez et al. (2002) developed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which they tested against self-report measures in a population sample of 86 participants between the ages 18-25, with an equal division of gender. They included the phrase ‘are you a risk taker?’ to gain access to “individuals at the upper end of the risk-taking continuum” (Lejuez et al., 2002, p. 76). The participants IQ’s were measured to examine the influence of IQ on risk behavior on the BART. The researchers used the 40 items ‘sensation seeking scale’ (Zuckerman et al., 1978), and the 34-item ‘Barratt Impulsiveness Scale’ version 1.0 (Barratt, 1985; Patton, Stanford & Barratt, 1995). They measured different aspects of riskiness construct separately then they combined them into one measure using the ‘Behavioral Constraint Super-factor of the Multidimensional Personality

In the case study, Fastsave is a retail chain store company that was doing quite well, and had more than enough financial resources to make investments. In other words, they are able and they have the capacity to take risks with no significant danger of losses. The real risk here was whether it would be worth it for them in terms of time and effort. The attitude to risk is also based on individuals who personalities vary. In the case study, individuals who are more reserve tend to be more cautious as they are realistic while the others who are more risky or outgoing tend to be more straightforward as they maintained an optimist

Defined by Coopers textbook, risk is the exposure to the consequences of uncertainty and has two elements: the likelihood of something happening that has an impact on the project objectives, and the positive or negative consequences of something impacting the project objectives (Cooper, Grey, Raymond, & Walker, 2005)

To assess if there are any apparent effects of world view and gender on risk perception, visual data analysis was used in this section. As seen in Figure 1, there is an apparent simple effect of gender on perceived risk for the individualist world view. This is due to the higher risk perception in males compared to females across the individualist world view. On the other hand, females had a higher risk perception compared to males in each of the hierarchicalist and the egalitarian world views. Hence, there appears to be a simple effect of gender on perceived risk for both, the hierarchicalist and egalitarian world views. Furthermore, there appears to be a simple effect of world views on risk perception for both males and females. This is due

The word “risk” means the possibility of suffering a harmful event. Risk taking can bring either positive or negative result because anytime we take risks in life, there is a possibility of loss which can cause tension. There are a lot of people who take big risks and appear not to be affected by them. But, many of us feel very uneasy when faced with risk-taking; we may become worried about the risk. Although some people are content in life by just playing it safe and not courting any

The subjective risk is uncertainty based on one’s mental condition or state of mind. Accordingly, the objective risk is measurable and statistical; the subjective risk is personal and not easily measured.

These modern risks are as a result of our own social development and also due to the development of science and technology. An example is the industrialization resulting in greenhouse gas emission causing destruction of the ozone layer and global warming causing El Niño. The peculiarity of risk society is that, the hazards of risk do not remain restricted to one country and due to the age of globalization, these risks affect all countries, all social classes with global consequences (Guru).

Risk can be defined as “The possibility of a (negative) event occurring”. Risk and uncertainty go hand in hand. When you are certain about something that you do then there is less or no risk involved. There is more risk when there is uncertainty about a particular outcome and you still go for it.