The Pharmacognostic Characteristics between Spermacoce Hispida L and Spermacoce

Traditionally, the root of A. racemosus has been widely used to increase fertility and libido, cures inflammation of sexual organs, enhances ovulation, prepares the womb for conception and prevents miscarriages (Kalia et al., 2003; Naik, 1988; Dwivedi & Tewari, 1991). Although, A. racemosus roots also known to possess estrogenic property (Tewari et al., 1968), but it has also been documented that at higher doses of A. racemosus, it maintains the balance between the endogenous female sex hormones (Sharma and Bhatnagar, 2011). Moreover, the ethno medical use of A. racemosus root as an anticonvulsant has been experimentally validated in our laboratory (unpublished data) as well as by other researchers too (references). The available literature reveals that the plant has not been explored with respect to its therapeutic potential as an anticonvulsant in catamenial epilepsy. But nowadays the virtual screening of the phytochemicals is believed to be a major tool for drug discovery beyond their ethnic use. Hence, an effort has been made to explore the pharmacological activities of Asparagus racemosus root using Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) and Pharmaexpert. In line with in our current study, a PASS based analysis (Table 1 & 2) revealed the presence of different bioactive phytoconstituents which might be responsible as an anticonvulsant with the most significant possibility of getting effective in the management of catamenial

Since the plant has many uses, the researchers come up with the idea to test the diuretic activity of the extract of the balloonvine leaves as a substitute to synthetic diuretic drugs. As what have the group discussed that this study

The total and successive extracts of the plants showed a dose-dependent inhibition of pain and pyrexia the most significant extract was PE extract 9, 12,15 octadecatrienoate (linolenic acid) is the major compound in the saponifiable fraction. Linolenic acid an ω-3 (18:3, n-3) fatty acid metabolized in the body to octadecatetraenoic acid (18:4, n-3), stearadonic acid (20:4, n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3) (Zurier., 1991). The later product has the capacity to inhibit the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes from arachidoic acid. Essential fatty acids like linoleic and linolenic produce series 1 and 3 prostaglandins (PGE1 and PGE3) and inhibit the formation of series 2 prostaglandins (PGE2). The extracts may reduce pyrexia by reducing brain concentration of prostaglandin E2 especially in the hypothalamus ( Rang et al.,

According to world health organization, medicinal plants would be the best source to develop a variety of medications. Lots of medicinal plants with antidiarrheal properties have been widely used by the traditional healers; however, the effectiveness of many of these anti-diarrheal traditional medicines has not been scientifically evaluate. About 80% of individuals from developed countries receive traditional medicines including compounds derived from medicinal plants (11, 12).

biased between the male and the female reproductive biology. The article focuses on the role of

Phytochemical studies on Calotropis procera have afforded several types of compounds such as Cardenolide, triterpinoids, alkaloids, resins, anthocyanins and proteolytic enzymes in latex, flavonoids, tannins, sterol , saponins, cardiac glycosides. latex contains caoutchouc, calotropin, calotoxin 0.15%, calactin 0.15%, uscharin 0.45%, trypsin, voruscharin, uzarigenin, syriogenin and proceroside18 The flower contains the flavonoids, queretin- 3- ratinoside, sterol, calactin, calotoxin, calotropagenin, calotropin, polysaccharides with D-arabinose, glucose, glucosamine and L-rhamnose. Flowers also contain enzymes 3-proteinase and calotropain (protease). Other chemical constituents of C. procera flowers are lupeol, uscharin, proceroside,

The administration of the aqueous extract and gel of Opuntia ficus indica for eight days did not cause significant changes in the plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine, as compared to the control. However, furosemide lowered serum potassium and elevated serum creatinine (Table

The ligand library is created to a total number of hundred natural phytochemicals which were collected with respect to anticancer activity based on the literature survey on Graviola. Lipinski Rules were followed for the study. • Not more than 5 hydrogen bond donors (nitrogen or oxygen atoms with one or more hydrogen atoms). • Not more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors (Nitrogen or Oxygen atoms).

Ayurveda, an old traditional form of medical practice in India, has produced many effective leads and contributed well for isolation and development of novel therapeutic compounds. Presently, it is estimated that in both developing and developed countries; about 70-80 percent of the world’s population is using alternative medicines for their primary health (WHO, 2008; Pandey et al., 2013). Recently, there is a reborn interest in the use of ayurvedic or traditional medicines for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. Although, number of medicinal plants has been described in “Atharva Veda”, a limited number of plant products are currently in clinical use by western medicine system to treat coronary artery disease (Dwivedi & Chaturvedi, 2000; Mahmood et al., 2010). Polyphenolic components isolated from such plants can delay the onset of the disease through modification of risk factors as well as suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory response to fight against the disease (Gillespie & Gavins, 2013).

Peppermints are made from mint plants which contain menthol. Menthol is a white substance that smells like mint, and provides a cooling sensation (Feigl, 2013, para. 1). It is a common ingredient in many other substances as well. The plant has tiny, purple flowers and grows extremely well in moist soil that contains a high percentage of decomposed plant matter (Craker, 2013, para. 2-3). The process in which the oil that contains the menthol is "extracted" from the plant's leaves is called steam distillation. Menthol is used in many common products, like cough medicines, perfumes, and cigarettes. (Craker, 2013, para. 5). Mentha Piperita, more commonly known as peppermint, is widely considered the "King of all mints" because the taste of the menthol is very strong and refreshing (“Mentha Peperita: The plant and its uses”, n.d., para. 2) (Feigl, 2013, para. 1).

Iridoid glycosides and phenylethanoid glycosides with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities have been isolated from several plants of genus Phlomis [8-9].In our recent study, the related plants, Phlomis umbrosa Turcz and Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo, have showed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in several animal models[10-11].At the same time,six iridoid glycosides: sesamoside,shanzhiside methyl ester, 7,8-dehydropenstemoside, penstemoside, 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester, phlomiol and three phenylethanoid glycosides: acteoside, alyssonoside, and isoacteosidewere isolated and identified from P. Younghusbandii. Among of these compounds, 7, 8-dehydropenstemoside, and three phenylethanoid glycosides were isolated from this plant for the first time [12].In this paper,the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the hot plate test, the xylene-induced ear swelling test, and the acetic acid-induced Evans blue leakage test were used to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of this plant.5-iridoid glycosides (sesamoside, shanzhiside methylester, 7, 8-dehydro- penstemoside, penstemoside and 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside methylester) (Fig. 2)and 3-phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, alyssonoside, and isoacteoside) (Fig. 3)in three samples of P. Younghusbandii from different places were

Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side

It also antibacterial (Velikova et al., 2000), antifungal (Cotoras et al., 2004), antileishmanial (Santos et al., 2013), antiplasmodial (Batista et al., 2013), antisyphiliticus (Pereira et al., 2012), and anticariogenic (de Andrade et al., 2011) activities. It has also been isolated from other herbs such as Mikania glomerata (Vilegas et al., 1997), Copaifera langsdorffii (Costa-Lotufo et al., 2002), Sphagneticola trilobata (Mizokami et al., 2012), Pseudognaphalium vira vira (Cotoras et al., 2004), and several Annonaceae families (Cavalcanti et al., 2010; Guillope et al., 2011; Okoye et al., 2013; Oliveira et al., 2002). In spite of these therapeutic uses, kaurenoic acid had to be used carefully, because of its toxic effect. Costa-Lotufo et al. (2002) demonstrated its cytotoxic and embryotoxic effect by observing the embryonic cell of sea urchins and the hemolysis of mouse and human erythrocytes. Cavalcanti et al. (2010) identified its genotoxic and mutagenic effect in human leukocytes, yeast, and mice tissue cells.

St Botanica Butea Gel is a gel that is beneficial for men as it aids in sexual enhancement. It helps in increasing sexual performance and strengthening the male organ. The herbal product is 100 percent natural and does not cause any side effects. It provides complete satisfaction for enhancing sexual performance in prolonged period of time. It increases the virginity and helps in treating erection. It has been found to be very beneficial in increasing the volume of penis as well. The natural product helps in providing satisfaction to the partner. It contains numerous potential herbs that are effective in increasing the length and width of penis.

The previous table 2 and figure 3 show the results of applied phytochemical tests for constituents of Curcuma Longa extract which were all positive. The results indicate the presence of the active constituents of curcuminoids. It also indicates the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, saponins and flavonoids. These phytochemicals were also reported in