The Phases Of Software Life Cycle From The Simula 67

“During the object-oriented analysis (OOA) phase object-modeling techniques are used to analyze the functional requirements for a system and create models which reflect the logical design of the system. During the object-oriented design (OOD) phase of the system, models are elaborated upon to include implementation specific details that show how the physical design of the system will come together. OOA focuses on what the system does (its static structure and behavior), OOD on how the system does it (its run-time implementation).”

EVOLUTION OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING The complexity of new applications and need to cater different industries having different software requirements led to the evolution of object-oriented approach. Object-oriented programming originated as a value addition to previous developments in the software industry and old programming languages that had little or no data abstraction. Data abstraction is needed to deal with complex algorithms. The concept of objects which is the basic building block of object oriented programming was introduced in Simula (Dahl and Nygaard, 1966), has

• OOP makes it easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects can be created with small differences to existing ones.

Programming languages are vast and diverse in their numbers. These different languages use fundamental styles of programming called programming paradigms. These programming paradigms layout the particular design approach that a program will use to solve a problem or achieve an objective. Of the many different types of programming paradigms, some of the more distinguished ones are procedural, functional, logical, and object orientated programming. Recently the object orientated languages have been rising in popularity due to their ability to easily implement large programs. There are many different object orientated programming languages (OOPLs), among them are C#, Java, Ruby, and Python. This essay will compare and contrast two of these languages: Python and Java.

Table of Contents  Description and History 4  Concepts 5-6  Features and Advantages of OOP 7  Different between Interface & Abstract classes 8  Different between Overloading & overriding 9-10  Encapsulation 11-12  Association 13-14  Polymorphism 15  Harvard Referencing 16 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Object-oriented programming language is a high-level programming language based on the object. Data hiding, Inheritance, and polymorphism such basic features of this programming languages. this method is not used for computer programming Until the early 1990s. But, mostly use this language for modern computer programming.

Object-oriented Programming languages Overview In earlier times, before object oriented was introduced, the languages that used is so uncomfortable and not familiar to developers. A normal person cannot understand what that was coded. The language that time used makes lots of errors, bugs, misunderstands… between developing programs.

This is a high-level matrix/array language with control flow statements, functions, data structures, input/output, and object-oriented programming features. It allows both "programming in the small" to rapidly create quick and dirty throw-away programs, and "programming in the large" to create large and complex application programs.

Most vital programming paradigms can be listed as Procedural paradigms and the object – oriented paradigms.

Answer 8: The focus of object-oriented view is on the elaboration of design classes that belong to both problem and infrastructure domains. Classes are elaborated by specifying messaging details, identifying interfaces, defining attribute data structures, and describing process flow for operations. In traditional view, three components are refined, they are control modules, domain modules, and infrastructure modules. To generate programming language source code detailed representations of data structures, interfaces and algorithms for each program are to be created.

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Software Development Life Cycle The software development life cycle is the cycle in which software is developed. It is a process that has been improved upon as programming has expanded and become a bigger part of computers and networking. Programming is necessary in order to enable computers to perform in

ABSTRACT This paper is about the evolution of Object-oriented technology in software design and implementation and its role in current market for developing web based products or server side scripting. Many Object-oriented languages have come in market but among them companies prefer to use open source OO languages such as Java,

Also, there has been exponential growth due to the increase in number of software systems being described as object-oriented. Many programming languages, office information systems, system simulation and artificial intelligence have adopted object-oriented technology. It is an assumption that learns specific development method or a set of tools.

LESSON 1: FUNDAMENTAL OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES • Introduction to object- oriented approach • Basic concepts of object-oriented programming • Benefits of OOP • Applications of OOP • How java differs from C and C++ • Java character set • Keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, separators INTRODUCTION Object-oriented approach was developed in late 1950’s in MIT to overcome the drawbacks of procedural- oriented approach. Ii is commonly known as OOPS. Now, it has become most preferred programming approach by software engineers to solve real world complex problems. The traditional procedural languages solve problems in terms of the structure of the computer i.e. memory bits and bytes, array, decision, loop rather than thinking in terms of the problem which is to be solved.

Unit 6 Assignment by Ali Shafiq (P1-P2) In programming, there are three different types of paradigms that we use in programming. And they are procedural, object-oriented and event-driven programming paradigms. Procedural Language Procedural programming is a programming paradigm which is derived from structured programming and it is based upon the concept