The Physical Aspects of the Mpenjati Estuary System

Mangroves are woody trees and shrubs with a thick, exposed network of roots that grow down from the branches and into the water and sediment. All mangroves are found on the intertidal zones between ocean and the land. When the sediment accumulate little wave occurs, the saline depend on the frequency. Some of the indirect impacts are the sediment runoff and also including chemical runoff, global warming is one of main effects of the mangrove ecosystem. In Tannum there are various types of mangroves. Such as the river and grey mangroves located at south tree and wild cattle in both Tannum sands and Boyne Island along the Boyne River. Leaves are around 7cm long gland that secret salt, the

Natural disasters are considered harmful in terms of coastal management and can often cause years of work to be wiped out. It can take large amounts of sand from the beach and remove plant life. Collaroy Beach has been a victim of such natural disasters. A large storm back in 1945 caused Collaroy Beach to empty out a large percentage of its sand and damaged many structures. Collaroy Beach’s local council, Warringah Council, has taken action to prevent storm damage in the future. A revetment wall has been established on the sand dunes so waves do not cause as much damage to the dunes behind. Warringah has also purchased properties that were residential and cleared them, so that a storm will not damage as many structures.

Brighton, Glenelg, The West Beach Boat Ramp, Semaphore and Largs North Beach have all been influenced by hard engineering techniques. As an example, Glenelg was one of the few beaches that had some form of a breakwater along the coast. Breakwaters are notorious for having immediate impacts on the beach, but are ultimately useful in protecting the land that meets the beach. The real question is; “Do the benefits, outweigh the negatives?”. Breakwaters are

There are many things that affect Henley beach naturally such as the wind and waves, sea grass loss, seabed instability, and the sea level rise. The wind and waves have a natural impact on the beach by the process of longshore drift. According to Adelaide’s Living Beach Strategies, during coastal storms, large quantities of sand can be eroded, causing considerable damage to near shore beach and dune areas (Department for Environment and Heritage, 2005, Adelaide’s Living Beaches, Government of South Australia, Adelaide, accessed on the 5/6/15) and this means that the sand has to be replenished artificially which is what we want to prevent. Another thing that affects the beach is seagrass loss and seabed instability which involves the vegetation

This investigation will be exploring whether the movement of pebbles, shingle, shells and other materials found on the beach have impacted on the shape and structure of Newhaven beach and Castlehead Cliff. One of the key processes this investigation will focus on is that of long shore drift caused by strong prevailing winds, prevailing wind is the direction from which the wind usually blows. Cliffs are made from mainly two materials, chalk which is at the bottom and sand and clay at the top. If cliffs are facing the direction of prevailing wind it may lead in high rates of cliff

The beach is a sand spit that stretches 2.8km long, linking to the sandstone of Sutherland Point at the east. Also the eastern side of the beach is the site on which captain cook first set foot on Australian soil in 1770. The beach is surrounded by various oil refineries and import terminals along with multiple houses that are alongside the road. There are a total of 13 groynes that have been placed in in the 1970’s to stop long shore drifts. At the end of the 13th groyne there is a jetty that stretches out for 1km that has been placed for the oil refinery. During the investigation both primary and secondary sources were discovered of the Silver beach at Kurnell. Focusing on the effects of pollution of the particular area, data was collected on the development and outcomes given from pollution. On the route to the beach there happened to a large industrial site rising many points regarding pollution, which will be discussed further

The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. About half of the Bay’s water volume comes from salt water from the Atlantic Ocean. The other half drains into the Bay from its enormous 64,000-square-mile watershed. Estuaries are among the most productive environments on earth, creating more organic matter each year than similarly-sized forests and agricultural areas. Estuaries also provide diverse habitats for wildlife and aquatic life, protect our communities against flooding, reduce pollution of waterways, and support local economies through commercial and recreational activities. Thousands of species

* The sand dunes on the beaches. This area is affected by wind erosion as well as the tides if adequate vegetative cover is not present. The main type of erosion, from the sea, takes the sand from the sand dunes as well as the rest of the beach in a rip. The sand is then pulled out to sea where it forms a sand bar. On calmer days, the sand is brought back to the beach.

An estuary system is “the resulting collisions of sweet and salt-fresh river water flowing seaward and ocean water inland.” It is an aquatic system where salt and freshwater are constantly mixing. An estuary system is one of most active systems of the planet; it is a hybrid system that contains the best and worst qualities of the ocean, river, and lake systems it conglomerates. Estuaries are unique in nature because of their ability to be the most productive ecosystem on the entire planet; humans have attempted and failed to reach the productivity that estuaries naturally grant. There productivity lies it the constant change that occurs from the conflicting flows of fresh and ocean water. Ocean and freshwater are measured largely based on salinity, or the level of parts of salt per thousand. Ocean water usually

period of time have increased the size of the beach. Enviromental organisations have tried there best to limit the amount of man made deveoplment on coastal lads and many schools

If you have ever lived in proximity to coastal areas you may have seen coastline erosion first hand. The beaches you frequent during the summer may seem to be getting smaller and smaller every year. Why does your favorite beach seem to be disappearing? Coastal erosion is to blame. The waves, wind, tides and currents all play a part in the mechanism that is coastal erosion. When water and wind batter the shoreline sediments are carried out to sea and deposited on the sea floor or at other points along the coastline. This is called an erosional coastline. This erosion may be very apparent or seem to have happened overnight when it happens due to a large storm or extremely high tide.

Barrier beaches are not static, they are constantly being changed (Coastal Change ) by the forces that formed them; waves and wind. One change effecting barrier beaches is they are moving closer to the main coast. This movement is caused by the rise in sea level. As the sea level rises waves crash higher and higher upon the beach, as they do this the dunes are pushed back. There are also seasonal changes in the barrier beaches. During stormy seasons sand is removed from the beach and deposited off shore on the longshore bar. During calm season waves redeposit sand upon the beach and the beach grows.

Thesis statement- Coastal erosion in the Gulf South region has and continues to be an environmental

In the Bay of Fundy the incoming tidal waters can overpower the flow of estuaries and rivers. This extraordinary phenomenon is known as a tidal bore and occurs twice daily. At high tide, a massive volume of seawater floods out of the Bay of Fundy into the rivers which feed it. The narrowing riverbanks force the soaring waters in a amazing surge and often a visible standing wave, in some cases 1 meter (3 feet) tall! In addition, 3 to 3.5 meters (10-12 feet) high rapids are generated in the wake of the roaring and swirling tidal water as it charges upstream at speeds near 15 kilometers per hour (10 miles per hour)!

The erosion of shorelines is a natural process that can have beneficial or adverse impacts on the creation and maintenance of habitats. Sands and gravels eroded from the shores of coastal bays maintain the beach as a natural barrier between the open water and coastal wetlands. Beaches move back and forth onshore, offshore and along shore with changing wave conditions. The finer-grained silts and clays derived from the erosion of shorelines are sorted and carried as far as the waters of wetlands or tidal flats, where benefits are derived from addition of the new material. However, excessively high sediment loads can smother submerged aquatic vegetation beds, cover shellfish beds and tidal flats, fill in riffle