The Physical Development Of Children

The infants physical development starts with the head and then moves to other parts of the body. From the very beginning babies are very curious and are ready to start exploring. Infants necks are unable to support the weight of the head when the baby is sat up straight. They are able to turn their heads left to right when laying down. Infants are able to close their fist.

The psychodynamic approach views behaviour in terms of past childhood experiences, and the influence of unconscious processes. There are five psychosexual stages in Freud’s theory, the first being the oral stage during which the infant focuses on satisfying hunger orally. Sigmund Freud believed that during this stage of development the person can become fixated in the oral stage of development. An infant's pleasure and comfort centres on having things in the mouth during this

Conception also known as fertilisation is the fusing of two gametes. This creates an embryo which will eventually develop into a baby. All human life begins with conception. A fertile woman will usually produce one egg a month around 2 weeks after the last menstrual period.

Unit 166 - Support others to promote children’s physical development in an early years setting

Freud believed during this stage all needs are satisfied orally or through the mouth; for example, eating and drinking. The anal stage takes place during the second year of life. During this stage the battle between control and letting go begins. The phallic stage takes place during the third and fifth years of life. During this stage a child develops a fixation with the genitals. Freud’s psychosexual stages focus on developmental changes in the first 5 years of life and transformation of the id.

This paper is will focus on the influences of physical and cognitive development in adolescence from 12 to 18 years of age. This part of the developmental stage has many factors that affect the physical development as well as the cognitive development in adolescence. In addition to influences of physical and cognitive development this paper will also focus on the hereditary and environmental influences that make up this stage in life.

Psychoanalytical theory of development originated from Sigmund Freud. This is considered the theory that created the foundation for which the other four theories developed (Polan E. & Taylor D.). Freud’s theory is based on the idea that development which occurs in the first six years of life occurs in three stages which are oral, anal phallic stage and are sexual pleasure centered. The oral stage pertains to the stimulation of the mouth which can be obtained through sucking during infancy. The anal stage pertains to the stimulation of the anus which can relate to the awareness of using the bathroom through potty training during early childhood ages of development. The phallic stage pertains to the

Emotional development is effected by neglect, separation, lack of love (family) and self harm. Social development is effected by lack of self esteem and secondary socialisation.

Freud created five stages of psychosexual development that includes the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital phases. The oral stage begins at birth and lasts until approximately age one. Throughout the first phase, Freud believed that, the sex instinct was centered on the mouth. Often infants derive pleasure from oral activities such as chewing, sucking, biting, or feeding activities. Moreover, Freud thought that if a child was weaned off the mother’s breast too early their adult personality characteristics might crave close contact and become an overly dependent spouse

According to Freud, the prevailing view of “human sexual life consists essentially in an endeavor to bring one’s own genitals into contact with those of the opposite sex” (Freud 22). Freud then goes on to mention that not everyone can fit this framework, particularly children, perverts, and homosexuals. When it comes to children, Freud argues that sexuality manifests after birth, continues until adolescence through three phases, stops, and then starts again during puberty as the fifth and final phase. Freud describes the first phase of a child’s sexual function as the “generalization of pleasures associated with mucus membrane simulation” (Choler 5). By Freud’s definition, sucking on a mother’s breast is considered a sexual act; the child receives mucus membrane simulation in his mouth and gets pleasure from it.

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), was an influential Austrian psychologist and the founder of psychoanalysis. Freud went on to produce several theories, such as his theory on psychosexual development, which will be the focus of this assignment. Using the case study of a six-year-old patient, I will discuss the key principles of Freud’s theory on psychosexual development. Including, comprehensive definitions of the concepts used, and the stages of Freud’s psychosexual development. Lastly using Freud’s theory, I will explain how the patient’s current behaviour, could impact her behaviour in adulthood.

Phillips, R. (2010). How Firm is Our Foundation? Current Play Therapy research. International Journal of PLay Therapy, 19(1), 13-25.

Nowadays, more and more children have obesity compare to the children in thirty years ago. The research showed that children who have obesity in their early age may cause either short-term or long-term consequence. The short-term consequence for the obesity children include low self-esteem and the long-term consequence includes asthma and heart disease. (CDC) The best way to prevent these is to encourage children do at least one hour physical exercise a day within the trained instructor guided. ( Epstein 2014) My paper is mainly focused on how my curriculum promote physical development in a child care center.

As mentioned earlier, when a child is born, they are born with a sexual aim. That sexual aim is considered to be autoerotic and expresses itself in an infantile manner. This infantile sexuality, or autoerotic sexuality, is a masturbatory expression of sexuality. The child gets pleasure for themselves from themselves. This sexual aim is unconscious. The child doesn’t know why what they are doing feels pleasurable, but it instinctively brings them some form of pleasure, so they find comfort in it. This pleasure is the libido’s substitution for the normal genital release that isn’t yet organically or physiologically possible in the child. It is a passive pleasure where the child finds stimulation of the oral erotogenic zone by incorporating the object into itself. Freud says “the child does not make use of an extraneous body for his sucking, but prefers a part of his own skin because it is more convenient, because it makes him independent of the external world, which he is not yet able to control” (Three Essays 48). This pleasure presents itself in two forms. The first is “by a peculiar feelings of tension…character of unpleasure” and the second “consists in replacing the projected sensation of stimulation in the erotogenic zone by an external stimulus which removes that sensation by producing a feeling of satisfaction” (Three Essays 50). It is in this way that pleasure and unpleasure can both extinguish partially the normal sexual aim of the libido.

Numerous advances led to Sigmund Freud’s inspirational Stages of Psychosexual Development, and it was Freud that introduced a clear theory explaining the process by which infants develop into adults. The transition from the Oral, Anal and Phallic stages begins to help us understand some of the processes that might lead to understanding attachment issues. Freud argued that humans are born “polymorphously perverse,” the idea that any number of objects could be a source of pleasure. While relief from stress observed in a child might be interpreted as simply the absence of emotional pain, on a deeper level, re-attachment and physical closeness to a caregiver after prolonged separation should result in a pleasurable experience. Setting