The Physics Of Chemistry Class

Earnest Rutherford was responsible for an astonishing series of discoveries in the fields of radioactivity and nuclear physics.

Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand born British physicist who is famously known for “splitting the atom.” His work on the gold foil experiment contributed greatly to the model of the atom and helped develop the standard model of the atom to what we now use today. Without his contributions we would still be using the Plum Pudding model, an out dated and incorrect model, and we would have less of an understanding of how atoms form the world around us.

“This work prepared the way for the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick and, above all, for the discovery in 1934 by Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie of artificial radioactivity” (Britannica). Marie Curie had stockpiled enough radium so that her daughter, Irene Curie, and her husband discovered artificial radioactivity. This led to ease of locating tumors using radioactive isotopes of certain elements and to the discovery of the neutron in nucleus of atoms. It solved many occurrences that scientists couldn't explain, such as what happened during alpha decay and atomic masses of

Throughout the course of his experiment, Rutherford had his two associates (Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden) aim a beam of alpha particles at a piece of gold foil that was approximately 8.6 x 10^(-6) centimeters thick. To be more accurate Rutherford actually included a wide variety of different foils (such as: aluminum, iron, and lead), but his use of gold foil is most commonly spoke of. In accordance to the J.J. Thomson model of an atom, the alpha particles should have passed directly through the gold foil for all instances. Therefore to confirm this activity, a zinc sulfide screen was placed behind the foil as a backdrop for the alpha particles to appear upon. Directly above this screen was a microscope that allowed one of the two experimenters

An Alpha ray is also known as an Alpha particle. These particles have two protons and two neutrons, so when an atom releases one Alpha particle that atom’s atomic number decreases by two. A Beta ray, also known as a Beta particle, is a fast-moving, high-energy electron emitted by radioactive decay of substances. Ernest Rutherford identified alpha particles as helium nuclei. Ernest Rutherford also postulated the nuclear structure of the atom. This means that he came up with the idea and convinced people that an atom had a nuclear structure, which it does. Another fun fact, is that he went to Cambridge University off of a scholarship that he earned. He became a pupil of J.J. Thompson. Late into the year, he became Thompson first graduate student. Eventually, he contributed and led to the exploration of nuclear physics. Ernest Rutherford was Cambridge University’s very first research student, states the Chemical Heritage Foundation and the Nobel

In agreement with the claim, I assume the discovering of atom and its nuclear and subatomic stuff. If Bohr didn’t think about what is the atom context, not him nor the latest scientists couldn’t explain about the atomic structure. As a matter of fact, his explanation and assumption makes the atom’s inside comprehensible to that era’s scientists, but it lead the later physicists to think about it more and get this issue under analyze more to know about its real complication and find about it.

Although difficult to imagine, there existed a point in time where people lived in an environment where everything was visually there, but what it was made up of remained a thoughtless mystery. Today, this is why atomic theory is an important basis for the foundation of chemistry, physics, and various other scientific discoveries. Without atomic theory, the basic building blocks of the world would remain unclear, which would make understanding the study of science almost impossible. Atomic theory explains the idea that within the composition of matter, there exists numerous particles called atoms. This idea of the atom has been experimented and researched by numerous scientists whom built upon each others discoveries-one scientist being J.J Thomson.

- He proposed that atoms have a small dense center called nucleus and it’s made of protons, who has positive charges

His discovery to radioactivity helped a lot of other scientists. If Henri hadn't discovered it Ernest Rutherford

Rutherford came to the conclusion that if Thompson's theory is right then the mass of the atom was spread out throughout the atom. The deflection of alpha particles was not consistent with Thompson's theory so Rutherford discarded Thompson's theory. Rutherford then created a model of the atom where the protons were in the nucleus and the electrons orbited around the nucleus. This differs from Thompson's model because Thompson put the electrons inside the nucleus when Rutherford had the electrons floating around the nucleus. Rutherford was always aware that the nucleus was very small and his experiments only provided him with about how small the atom was. Most of the mass of the atom can be found in the nucleus whose diameter is about 10^-15 m. However, this is about 100,000 times smaller than the diameter of the atom. Rutherford had worked out that the diameter of the nucleus was around 1000,000 times smaller than the diameter of the atom, so Rutherford was correct on the sizing of the atom and the

Niels Bohr greatly contributed to the modern atomic model. He provided great knowledge on the atom and physics. He is considered to be one of the greatest physicists of all time because of his contributions to the atomic model. This required the help from a few of his fellow physicists, such as Ernest Rutherford and J.J. Thomson. Niels Bohr created the Bohr model in which he built his ideas from Rutherford and Thomson to create what he thought the atom looked like. Bohr believed that the middle of an atom is a positively charged nucleus with electrons surrounding it. He also discovered that the electrons were not in a specific orbit around the nucleus instead, they jumped around depending on the amount of energy they had.

Ernest Rutherford's model of the atom is one of the oldest around. Although it is not considered accurate today, it was a huge advance for figuring out the complexity of Atoms.  Rutherford's atom illustrates that atoms revolved in empty space with electrons orbiting a fixed position of positively charged nucleus and had a predictable set path. Ernest was a New Zealand native working at the University of Manchester in the early 1900s. He spent most of his time and career researching the aspects of radioactivity, and in 1908 received the Nobel Peace Prize for his accomplishments. It was another several years after when he started his research on atoms.

The Discovery of the Atom first came from the Greeks which made a theory “The idea that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles, or atoms, is believed to have originated with the Greek philosopher Leucippus of Miletus and his student Democritus of Abdera in the 5th century B.C. (The word atom comes from the Greek word atomos, which means “indivisible.”)” (InfoPlease Atomic theory)

Just like the other scientist before him, he performed experiments to satisfy his curiosity about radioactivity. Rutherford first, bombarded gold foil in particles from a radioactive source. Rutherford saw that some of the particles seeming through the gold foil. Rutherford concluded that matter was made up of empty space, but there was also a small dense portion of matter that deflected the particles. He defined this dense area as being a nucleus. Through this finding, we were able to find discoveries that lead to the discovery of radioactivity.

Her results were immediate. She noticed that the element thorium gave off the same rays as uranium. After a lot of research she came to the conclusion that radiation did not depend on the compound being studied. She said that it depended on the amount of uranium or thorium. She concluded that radiation did not depend on the arrangement of atoms in a compound in a molecule but rather the interior of the atom itself. The discovery was considered to be revolutionary at the time. She continued to test all elements on the Periodic Table of Elements. Only uranium and thorium gave off any sort of radiation.