The Physics of Turbo Chargers Essay

The turbocharger makes up for its lag with its ability to generate mass amounts of power to the engine. Turbochargers take barely any power from the engine to create boost. Turbochargers use the gas heat and engine pressure to create boost and give the engine more power. Most turbochargers produce 40 percent more power to an engine. So if a vehicle had a 200 horsepower engine and was running off of a turbocharger producing 10 pounds of boost, the engine would actually be running off of 280 horsepower. A supercharger produces mass amounts of boost for the engine from the crankshaft of the engine itself to compress air and make boost. While running, a supercharger uses valuable power from the engine which must be taken away from the gain of power in the long run. A vehicle with and engine producing 200 horsepower and a supercharger producing 10 pounds of boost would only make the vehicles total

The continuing rotation of the crankshaft drives the piston back up, ready for the next cycle. The piston moves in a reciprocating motion, which is converted into circular motion of the crankshaft, which ultimately propels the car. Gas engines usually have about the same about of horsepower as they do torque. The diesel engine usually has twice as much torque as it does horsepower, thus it is the better hill climber and load carrier.

As you drive, air rushes past your car. It hits the front of your car and the intake, and this cold air is forced to the engine. As a combination, the turbo and intake greatly improve power and speed.

When nitrous oxide is used in cars and rockets, it vaporizes, causing a significant cooling effect on the intake air. You increase the density of the air when the intake air pressure is reduced. This provides even more oxygen in the cylinder which is a good thing.

The reduction in mass flow rate causes the compressor pressure ratio and efficiency to drop [27]. As the mass flow rate is reduced, the turbine exhaust gas temperature increases to maintain energy balance [27]. The mass flow rate of helium can be decreased to a limit until either material restrictions at the turbine exit or heat exchanger inlet prohibit the higher temperatures [27] or the efficiency of the turbomachinery falls below an acceptable level.

Contain 4 main components, Compressor housing, compressor wheel, Turbine housing, along with a turbine wheel. Exhaust gas enters the system through the compressor housing while the air flows over the compressor wheel it causes a chain reaction which results in a counterclockwise rotation of the turbine wheel. This rotation is the stage when exhaust gas turns to air pressure. The air pressure is returned to the engine through a waste-gated return hose/line. The pressurized air is then interchanged with combustible diesel fuel and ignited. The bigger the turbo charger is allows more mass air flow which results in more fuel being burned all this combined equals a greater amount of horsepower

Heat and water are indispensable ingredients to make a steam engine function. Water is heated inside a boiler, which turns it into steam. Steam engines and motors usually have a “chimney” to draw out the gases generated from the heat, depending on what exactly is heating the water but if it is fire, then this is essential. The boiler usually contains two large tubes at the top of it that collect the steam and relocate it to the steam chest and cylinders. Once there is sufficient pressure generated, the steam passes from the primary steam pipe to the cylinders. The steam then obliges the piston to move which then turns a wheel, mechanism, gear, or turbine. At the end of the stroke the steam goes in through the other end and the piston shifts the opposite way, ousting the exhaust.

Tires squealing, superchargers whining, turbos screaming as the air is forced to mix with fuel. A concoction resulting in immense, intense power from what some would call a box of metal. A meaningless, mass produced, grocery getter. However, these stereotypes are not true, due to one attribute. When that pedal touches the floor, magic is in progress, and pure, raw, unkempt power is unleashed. Air and fuel forced to mix, as if they were great enemies fighting one another. The spark plugs, igniting the furious battle between them, causes an earth shaking explosion. The pistons scream as the energy forces them to slam downwards, turning the ever-mighty crankshaft. The energy rushes through the flywheel, turning the many transmission gears, funneling angry horsepower through the drive shaft. The rear axle is the surrogate through which the tires squeal, launching the car down a ¼ mile track in under 10 seconds.

7). The combustion increases the temperature of the exhaust gases, any residual air in the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber itself. From the ideal gas law, the increased temperature of the gases also produces an increased pressure in the combustion chamber; the high pressure of the gases acting on the face of the piston cause the piston to move to which initiates the power stroke (para. 8). Unlike the compression stroke, the hot gas does work on the piston during the power stroke. The force on the piston is transmitted by the piston rod to the crankshaft, where the linear motion of the piston is converted to angular motion of the crankshaft. Hall’s article for NASA states that the work done on the piston is then used to turn the shaft (para. 8). Having produced the igniting spark, the electrical contact remains opened. During the power stroke, the volume occupied by the gases is increased because of the piston motion and no heat is transferred to the fuel/air mixture (para. 9). As the volume is increased because of the piston 's motion, the pressure and temperature of the gas are decreased. Heat that is left over from the power stroke is now transferred to the water in the water jacket until the pressure approaches atmospheric pressure; the

“By definition, turbocharging is all about getting more [power] from the same basic engine design”

There are turbos, superchargers, and naturally aspirated engines, naturally aspirated engines are engines will many cylinders like 8-12 cylinders. Naturally aspirated engines make a lot of power because they have a lot of liters and cylinders, but the price of car with 8 or more cylinders is costly and hard to work with. Parts for car with 8 cylinder, and up will be much more expensive because the part will be of a higher quality. Turbos spin at a very high speed and must spool before power is delivered to the wheels. Even though turbos take time to spool before the power is put down to the ground, they make the most power. Cars can be twin turboed which is better for performance because generally most high performance car will have one smaller turbo and one big one. The small turbo can spool quicker, and the bigger turbo take time to spool so the turbos help each other out by filling in the power gaps. Superchargers are almost the same as turbos because they spin at a very high speed but the power delivery from superchargers is instant. Superchargers are much bigger than turbos so that mean adding more than one supercharger to a high performance car can be difficult, that is why most people turbocharger their cars instead. After installing a supercharger or turbo there will be components that will need to be upgrades to handle the horsepower.

small, positively-charged proton with a negatively-charged electron orbiting very fast, a model analogous to the earth orbiting the sun, or the moon orbiting the earth. Fuel cells take advantage of this structure. Using a membrane and a catalyst, hydrogen is broken up into a proton and an electron. While there are many different membrane models for fuel cells, the most appropriate one for car travel is the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM, also called the Proton Exchange Membrane). It is called this because protons are able to easily pass through the membrane. However, because the membrane does not allow electrons to pass through it, the electrons take a detour through an electrical circuit to the other side of the cell. If hydrogen is supplied into the cell at a steady rate, the stream of electrons in the electrical circuit creates electric power. However, like all batteries, you need a positive end (cathode) and a negative end (anode); in other words, the hydrogen atoms must have a “reason” to make this electrical circuit. And what is this reason? Oxygen. With oxygen at the other end, hydrogen is more than willing to create this current so that it can bind and form H2O, or water on the other end.

Engineering: [a] diesel engine is an internal combustion engine in which the chemical energy of fuel is transformed into thermal energy of the cylinder charge, in consequence of the self-ignition and combustion of fuel in the engine cylinder after compression of the air charge in the cylinder (p1

Conventional cars use internal combustion engines to generate power to put the car into motion. All conventional cars use what is called a “four-stroke combustion cycle” which are “intake

That covers the basic function of an engine fron intake to exhaust. Next we will explore the relationship of Horsepower vs Torque.