The Physics of a Diesel Engine Essay

Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the history of the four-stroke engine, how it works and some brief information to other types of engines.

The final and most important steps of the Internal Combustion Engine are the movements of the pistons. At this point in the process fuel, and air are both present inside the chamber and are combined into a ratio, this is called the air fuel ratio, short AFR. There are four motions of each piston; they are in perfect balance and harmony, much like watching an orchestra perform. These motions (strokes) are detailed as follows:

During every cycle in a typical four stroke engine, piston moves up and down twice in the chamber, resulting in four total strokes and one of which is the power stroke that provides the torque to move the vehicle.

Over the years, there have been many different configurations of radial engines, from three-cylinders to nine cylinders, with the seven and nine cylinder versions preferred. When more power is required, a second engine is bolted at an angle to allow cooling air to reach the second set of cylinders. The famous P & W “corn-cob” engine had four banks of seven-cylinder engines attached to one crankshaft. That’s 28 cylinders, and 56 spark plugs to regularly change.

Diesel mechanics have a large effect on most everything that people do. Diesel technology is very similar to gasoline engine systems, yet diesel is not quite as popular. These mechanics repair the engines in many vehicles and machines that help keep people’s lives comfortable and get the products that desire to the places that they shop. Most people do not even know what diesel mechanics do; some duties and training are similar to gasoline engine mechanics, but some differences apply in training and technique. Their working conditions vary depending on their place of employment, but the future of diesel mechanics is bright. Diesel mechanics train extensively to efficiently and thoroughly repair the complex systems in various types of diesel machinery.

Great fuel economy could be expected from such a machine. But the opportunity was a long time coming. Meanwhile, in 1880 he returned to Paris to help in the construction of a refrigeration plant for Linde and then became manager of it. During the making he put much effort into an design for an expansion engine using ammonia as working fluid (ammonia was also the working fluid in the refrigerator). From Paris, Diesel moved to Berlin in 1890 and continued to work for Linde's refrigeration concern. Rudolf Diesel (formally Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel) was a thermal engineer and inventor of German descent, best known for the invention of the diesel engine. Diesel was born on March 18, 1858 in Paris to immigrant parents.

In the internal combustion engine, the piston starts form the top. As the crankshaft rotates the piston will start to move down which will allow the intake valve to open so air and fuel can flow inside the combustion chamber. In this process, the mixture of air and fuel gets pulled in the combustion chamber.

For а two stroke engine, there mаy simply be аn exhаust outlet аnd fuel inlet insteаd of а vаlve system. In both types of engines there аre one or more cylinders (grey аnd green), аnd for eаch cylinder there is spаrk plug (dаrker-grey, engines only), а piston (yellow), аnd а crаnkpin (purple). А single sweep of the cylinder by the piston in аn upwаrd or downwаrd motion is known аs а stroke. The downwаrd stroke thаt occurs directly аfter the аir-fuel mix pаsses from the fuel injector to the cylinder (where it is ignited) is аlso known аs а power

The piston is at top dead center and starts down. At that instant the intake valve opens, remaining closed exhaust. As you turn the crankshaft, the elbow is occupying different points of its rotary travel, and, through the connecting rod causes the piston goes down and causing a carburetor suction through conduit that has opened the intake valve, dragging a quantity of air and gasoline, which are mixed and sprayed into the carburetor. These gases are filling the void left by the piston to go down. When it has reached the

For more than 100 years, the two most prevalent types of engines used in the manufacture of vehicles have been mainly diesel and gasoline engines. Despite the fact that both are considered internal combustion engines, each type of engines comes with unique advantages and disadvantages when compared to its counterpart (Curtis and Anderson 45). The primary difference between gasoline and diesel engines is in the ignition process. Gasoline engines use spark plugs for the ignition of the fuel and air mixture, a process technically referred to as Otto cycle. On the other hand, diesel engines attain combustion by compression of the diesel fuel, a process technically referred to as diesel cycle. Although diesel engines are less popular than gas engines, but they are superior in numerous ways. The primary advantage of diesel engine is that they have higher engine efficiency, leading to improved fuel economy. Diesel engines have a reputation for producing higher levels of torque than gasoline powered engines, and boast of longer durability than gas engines. The absence of an electrical in diesel engines plays an integral role in improving its reliability (Erjavec 145). The distinctive benefits of diesel engines have helped increase their popular usage in commercial vehicles and large trucks. This is mainly because of the improved levels of torque, which facilitates greater towing capacity. The design of smaller cars relying on fuel efficiency can also benefit when using diesel

the intake, compression, power, exhaust stroke and ignition event. During the intake stroke, the piston descends from top dead center (TDC) with the exhaust valve closed and the intake valve open to the bottom dead center (BDC) of the cylinder. As the piston descends, a mixture of air and fuel from the carburetor is drawn into the cylinder. After the intake valve closed, the piston moves back toward TDC of the cylinder compressing the fuel-air mixture. Just before the piston is close to TDC, ignition takes place by a spark plug in gasoline engines which produces an electric spark in the fuel-air mixture. The piston move back down toward BDC resulted by the pressure from the combustion of the compressed fuel-air mixture. This causes the crankshaft to rotate, thus turning the propeller. During the exhaust stroke, it expels the used fuel-air mixture through the exhaust valve

Whereas ordinary diesel direct fuel-injection systems have to build up pressure anew for each and every injection cycle, the new common rail (line) engines maintain constant pressure regardless of the injection sequence. This pressure then remains permanently available throughout the fuel line. The engine's electronic timing regulates injection pressure according to engine speed and load. The electronic control unit (ECU) modifies injection pressure precisely and as needed,

Direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines are relatively new to the large scale commercial market, and are slowly becoming more widespread. The demands for higher performance whilst realizing lower fuel consumption and maintaining cleaner emissions, have the potential to be met by the direct injection spark ignition engine[2]. The thermodynamic potential of DISI engines

Four stroke basic engine which has spark ignition system was invented more than a century ago. No doubt several changes and modifications are done in the field of 4 stroke engines. But development in technology and innovation always seek for development in efficiency. And Otto cycle

3) The piston now moves up from bottom dead center to top dead center, effectively ending a cycle and starting another. The spark plug