The Physiology, Metabolism, Biochemistry

In biology, we learn a lot of information that we can use later on in life, no matter what field of study we go into. During this course, we learned about biochemistry, metabolic processes, homeostasis, molecular genetics and population dynamics. Throughout the learning process, we’ve had many questions or INTUS, which we use to expand our knowledge later on and determine the answers to those specific questions. The point of this assignment is to relate questions that we have developed on our particular topic we chose; to these five units we studied in biology.

5. What species is the intended host for the Baylisascaris nematode and what symptoms does it cause in this host?

|Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) |A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that regulates skin |

b) Janine made this statement: “… if your brain doesn’t get carbs—well, glucose, anyway—you get

gluconeogenesis slow down in which release of glucose to the blood stream is also slowed down

Furthermore, the ways people can get infected with the parasite are not surprising. Kathleen McAuliffe’s article " How Your Cat is Making You Crazy,” mentions many ways for people to be exposed to toxo. One can get infected by simply “coming into contact with litter boxes, but also, he found, by drinking water contaminated with cat feces, eating unwashed vegetables, or, especially in Europe, by

7-8 Study Hall Daywitt, Jean A126 08:15 AM - 08:59 AM 7-8 Study Hall Daywitt, Jean A126 08:15 AM - 08:59 AM 7-8 Study Hall Daywitt, Jean A126 08:15 AM - 08:59 AM 7-8 Study Hall Daywitt, Jean A126 08:15 AM - 08:59 AM 09:00 AM 7 MUSIC Matchey, Gideon C126 09:02 AM - 09:46 AM 7 MUSIC Matchey, Gideon C126 09:02 AM - 09:46 AM 7 MUSIC Matchey, Gideon C126 09:02 AM - 09:46 AM 7 MUSIC Matchey, Gideon C126 09:02 AM - 09:46 AM 7 Reading Knobloch, Brenda A116 09:49 AM - 10:33 AM 7 Reading Knobloch, Brenda

Since the feline species are the only recognized host of T. gondii, the parasite must pass through the feline digestive system in order to complete its life cycle and reproduce (NOAA, 2013). The parasite multiplies within the feline digestive tract, releasing the parasitic eggs through the cat’s feces (NOAA, 2013). The parasitic eggs infect other non-feline species, including mice and birds, which is a common source of transmission to uninfected cats (NOAA, 2013). Rainfall can wash the cat feces into the ocean where the parasitic eggs remain viable for up to two years (NOAA,

___________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only certain molecules to penetrate it.

In the chronic phase, because of low and probably intermittent parasitemia, diagnosis relies on serologic detection of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that bind to T cruzi antigens (see Fig. 4A). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence, and indirect hemagglutination are most common methods used. Two positive results from any of these 3 conventional techniques are recommended for a final diagnosis.

Blastocystis hominis (B hominis) is a common parasitic organism found throughout the world. An infection with B hominis is called blastocystosis. The parasite lives in your large intestine and can be found in stool. It can remain in the body for weeks, months, or years. It is not known whether the parasite B hominis causes any symptoms in humans or if the associated symptoms may be caused by infection with other parasitic organisms, bacteria, or viruses. Often, B hominis is found along with other organisms that are more likely to be the cause of your symptoms.

In humans/animals, the main cells that store fat for energy are adipocytes. These fat cells are found under the skin, in the abdominal cavity and surround major organs. The fatty tissue is the body’s main means of storing energy for long periods of time. Lipids, like triglycerides are stored in the adipocytes until ready to be used by the body for energy. Fat is broken down through metabolism in the mitochondria of the cell. The triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and 3 fatty acids. The glycerol can be easily converted to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis. From there it can go through the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain to make ATP. The 3 fatty acids can be broken

A Czech scientist, by the name of Jaroslav Flegr, has noticed a difference in his personality and he sees the cause of the problem to be a parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii T. gondii’s route of transmission is through the feces of a cat and is said to cause us to become sick and to stay in our brain cells. Since the 1920’s, doctors have cautioned pregnant women to stay away from litter boxes. The reason why they wanted women to stay away from the litter box was because there was a parasite in the boxes that would cause the baby to be born with brain damage or even cause death. In healthy children and adults, they will think that this parasite is just the flu but in reality they aren’t and then the parasite lies in the person’s brain cells.

     Transmission of the parasite can occur in several different ways. Direct transmission can occur by handling infected animal or human feces. One quarter of reported direct transmission infections occurred by direct contact with feces, while the rest were reported to have happened by person to person contact (Donnelly & Stentiford, 1997).

Not only are humans threatened by viral and bacterial infections, there are various parasites that also invade the human body. Parasitic infections are common in underdeveloped countries and are a prominent threat in rural areas. Though parasitic infections are known to happen in well-developed countries such as the United States. Contaminated water supplies, contact with infected animals, and improperly stored and cooked food can lead to parasitic infections. Parasites like tapeworms, protozoa, flukes, and nematodes can infect humans, causing serious health issues. These parasites enter through various parts of the body, and then live and reproduce in certain organs. Though there are many points of entry into the human body, most parasites enter