Essay on The Physiology of Fitness

The ATP-CP system, fuelled by Creatine Phosphate (CP), is dominant at intensities above 95% of maximum heart rate (MHR) for durations up to 10 seconds. This system would have been dominant during the 11 entries into speed zone 4 where the player maximally sprinted above 18km/hr (Appendix 2), and also when the player reaches a peak

Energy is defined as the capacity for vigorous activity, and to ensure a continuous and sufficient supply of energy for all daily activities, there are three energy systems that work together. These systems are the ATP-PC system, the anaerobic glycolytic system and the aerobic system. Each system produces a different chemical energy from different sources at different speeds. Both the ATP-CP system and anaerobic glycolytic systems are anaerobic systems, meaning oxygen is not used to synthesise ATP. As a result, these systems produce energy quicker however they do not last very long. Comparatively, the aerobic system heavily relies on oxygen to synthesise ATP. As the chemical process uses oxygen to produce energy, it is more complex than the anaerobic processes. The aerobic system takes longer to produce energy

The creatine phosphate system kicks in and then supplies energy for 8-10 seconds. This would be the major energy system used by the muscles of a 100- metre sprinter or a weightlifter, where rapid acceleration, short-duration exercise occurs

ATP is often referred to as the energy currency of life. The cells use a form of energy called ATP to power almost all activities, such as muscle contraction, protein construction, transportation of substrates, communication with other cells and activating heat control mechanisms. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), an energy-bearing molecule found in all living cells. Formation of nucleic acids, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and many other energy-consuming reactions of metabolism are made possible by the energy in ATP molecules. The energy in ATP is obtained from the breakdown of foods.

Creatine phosphate has been heavily experimented upon to show that it is an important effector towards muscle activity. When creatine phosphate is present in a solution containing muscle fibers without the presence of ATP, it serves as the energy supplier due to the fact that it absorbs bound adenine nucleotide, which is firmly linked to the contractile elements on muscle fibers (Bozler, 1953). Even in low concentrations this nucleotide can be considered an energy transfer mechanism, for it takes full advantage of the creatine phosphates energy supply, thus acting as a substrate for the enzymatic activity of the contractile elements of a muscle group. Consumption of this nucleotide leads to an increase in the strength of contraction. Creatine phosphate also speeds up rate of relaxation of muscles, for it induces the relaxing effect of ATP (Bozler, 1953). Thus, this research suggests that creatine phosphate is directly linked to instigate muscle contractibility.

This report will discuss the work of the energy interplay system in relation to a subject’s result in the 20 metre beep test . Energy system interplay refers to the work done by the three energy systems (ATP-PC, Anaerobic and Aerobic) to provide the body with the necessary amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to complete certain physical activities depending on their intensity and duration.

P7 – Describe the Three Different Energy Systems and Their Use in Different Sport and Exercise Activities

Supplement use is a widespread and standard practice used among athletes to enhance athletic performance. Creatine is one popular ergogenic aid used by athletes for a competitive edge. Creatine is acquired from amino acids and is primarily stored in the skeletal muscles.1 Approximately 60-65% of creatine in the body is phosphorylated into phosphocreatine. This contributes a brief source of phosphate which promotes the re-synthesis of ATP during intense exercise. 1 ATP is an essential fuel source during short-burst activities such as sprints of 5-10 seconds.1 Therefore, athletes often use this supplement to promote muscle mass and enhance anaerobic performance.1 Creatine also plays a role in shuttling ATP which promotes fuel energy metabolism.2

Anaerobic is the main training for athletes in strength and endurance sports. The ATP-PC (adenosine triphosphate phosphocreatine) and the lactic acid systems are the two main energy chains comprised for these events.

System uses phosphate creatine as the main energy sources from your muscles allowing ATP resynthesis producing power and acceleration. In this event, system provides immediate energy from the breakdown of high energy phosphate for maximum intensity lasting for approx 5-10 seconds. this is displayed when diving off the block and beginning the underwater work before breaking the water. This system does not produce any by products however it’s not efficient due to the short lasting supply of PC. After 10 seconds, the lactate system becomes more dominant.

The body’s cells use a special form of energy called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to power almost all their activities, such as muscle contraction and protein construction. Every cell has a small store of highly charged ATP which is located in the cytoplasm. ATP is made up of adenosine and three inorganic phosphate (Pi) groups which are bonded together in a sequence. Each of the phosphate bonds stores the energy in which the cell can use. The bond between the second and third phosphate groups contains the most accessible energy. Whenever an enzyme breaks off the third phosphate group from the second phosphate group the energy is released so the cell can use it. Usually when this happens the ATP becomes an energy deficient adenosine diphosphate

The phosphates attached to ATP are well-known high-energy molecules, meaning that comparatively high levels of energy are released when the phosphate groups are removed. This high-energy content is not the result of simply the phosphate bond but the total interaction of all the atoms within the ATP molecule. Because the amount of energy released when the phosphate bond is broken is very close to that needed by the typical biological reaction, little energy is wasted.

Creatine phosphate (CP) is an energy source which is usually required during explosive efforts. CP is stored within the muscles but only in limited amounts. The high energy compound which has to be broken down to release its energy but can also be used immediately to re-synthesise ATP from ADP and a free-phosphate. CP has the capability of re-synthesising large mounts of ATP very quickly but due to the lack of CP stores within the body it limits the duration in which the CP energy system can operate

The energy for all physical things comes from high energy phosphates to low energy phosphates. During this breakdown of ATP, which requires water, a proton and energy, heat is produced. Since our muscles don't store much ATP, we must constantly resynthesize it. The hydrolysis and resynthesis of ATP is thus a circular process—ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and Pi, and then ADP and Pi combine to resynthesize ATP. Alternatively, two ADP molecules can combine to produce ATP and AMP.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the molecule that stores and transports chemical energy within cells for cellular functions. When ATP breaks into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (phosphate), energy is released. During exercise the body requires ATP sources for muscle contraction in which ATP binds to myosin,