The Piano Lesson Poem Analysis

August Wilson’s The Piano Lesson, tells a story of a family haunted by the pain of their past and their struggle to find peace to move forward. The story begins with character Boy Willie coming up from the south visiting his sister Bernice. Boy Willie introduces the idea of selling the family’s heirloom, a piano, to raise enough money to buy the land on which his ancestors were enslaved. However, both Boy Willie and his sister Berniece own half a half of the piano and she refuses to let Boy Willie sell it. Through the use of symbolism, Wilson uses his characters, the piano and the family’s situation to provide his intended audience with the lesson of exorcising our past in order to move forward in our lives. Our past will always be a

Wilson highlights the fact the piano is full of stories that are directly linked to Berniece, which affect her current negative feeling towards it. Also, as a young girl, Berniece had to play the piano for her mom, so she could talk to her dead father. This demonstrates that not only is her family physically depicted on it, but also spiritually connected to it.

One of the main characters to conform to this is Boy Willie. He goes to Doaker’s home to sell the piano to acquire Sutter’s land. He totally disregards the symbolism of the piano and views it as an object. Boy Willie’s ancestors were mistreated and enslaved and the piano was an encompassment of his ancestor’s history, which he overlooks. The main reason Boy Willie wants to

Throughout The Piano Lesson, Bernice is constantly getting into arguments with her brother over a piano that holds carvings of her family history. This piano is a very

Boy Willie states, “Papa Boy Charles brought that piano into the house. Now I’m supposed to build on what they left me. You can’t do nothing with that piano siting up here in the house” (Wilson 51). If he sells the piano, Boy Willie will be able to build a life for himself. Berniece says, “Money can’t buy what that piano cost. You can’t sell your soul for money” (Wilson 50). She believes if they sell the piano, she risks losing part of her identity. With tender sentiment, Berniece relishes the determination of her ancestors to appreciate life and the love they had for one another in the face of slavery. Boy Willie says, “See, you just looking at the sentimental value…You can sit up here and look at that piano for the next hundred years and it’s just gonna be a piano” (Wilson 51). Berniece’s pertinacious refusal to part with the piano emanates from her sentimental devotion to it and the memory of her ancestors. Therefore, Berniece characterizes herself through the piano as it brings the beauty of the past generations to their lives (Wilson 50, 52). Boy Willie defines himself as an African American who declares his equality as a man and seeks to enhance his self-worth by becoming a land owner (Wilson 51, 94). Therefore, he values the piano for its potential to raise his personal quality of life through a financial gain. The significance of the piano resides in the differing viewpoints of each sibling.

In the play The Piano Lesson by August Wilson, readers are introduced to an African American family that has faced a dark past regarding slavery. The conflict between Berniece and Boy Willie over a piano that holds the family’s history is the very premise of the story. However, Boy Willie is most deserving of the piano because it would be an opportunity for him to transition from being an African slave to becoming an African American land owner. Therefore, Boy Willie can pursue the American dream by selling the piano, buying land and using it to earn a living.

He’ll be able to “put [his] mark on the road”, reclaim the land his ancestors toiled upon (Wilson 94). By selling the piano, Boy Willie believes he will be fulfilling his father’s wish of economic security and the full-circle comeuppance of purchasing the Sutter land as he intended when he stole the piano from the Sutter home. He sees it as his opportunity to prove his equal worth to the white man, seeing it as something “he could build on” (Wilson 46). Boy Willie focuses primarily on the paternal legacy and relation to this piano, fostering a gendered reading of this dichotomy in opinions on the piano’s future. His justification behind selling the piano focuses solely on his belief of his father’s intentions behind stealing the piano, ignoring the female interactions prior to and following that event.

In the middle of Bernice Charles's parlor it sits, unmoved and wooden. How it came to be there is a story which her uncle Doaker tells well. Her father Willie Boy used to work as a slave under the ownership of Mr. Sutter. He was an amazing wood crafter and continued to bring cash in for his "superior". But Willie Boy didn't always belong to Sutter, instead he used to belong to a certain Nolander, whose wife owned the very piano that he was traded to Mr. Sutter for. When Mrs. Nolander wanted to buy him back as her slave, the new owner refused. Instead he allowed Willie Boy to take his talents into their house and carve a picture into the wood of their piano. He was only supposed to carve himself and Mama Bernice, but instead continued to carve pictures of his whole family that he stored in his memory. After the piano was finished Boy Charles, Willie Boy's father, felt that he should take the piano because he would "say it was the story of [their] whole family and as long as Sutter had it…he had [them]"(Wilson 45). On the fourth of July in 1911, it was done. But sadly, Boy Charles was killed, hiding in a box car afterwards. After his death, Bernice's mother broke down and brought in a woman to teach Bernice how to play. She said that when Bernice played she could hear her father talk to her, and so Bernice continued to play, until her mother's death. Now she won't touch the piano, yet refuses to

but soon after they were checked in the piano was broken and taken away. Also, when Mike and his brother went into the new home there was a huge piano Mike started

Both of these occurrences change the meaning of the piano for Billy Jo. Her badly burned hands make it excruciatingly painful for her to play the piano, let alone enjoy it. Before her mother’s death, the piano allowed Billy Jo to forget her sorrows and the sadness that plagued the dust. It symbolised happiness and freedom from the chains that trapped her in the barren wasteland she resides in. However, after her mother’s death, the piano symbolised the sadness and guilt she feels from her mother’s death.

Boy Willie, however, wants to release the past and sell the family piano so he can have a new start in life and forget the painful past. "The Piano Lesson" is both unique to the plight of African-Americans and universal in its depiction of the human condition (Gale, 2000, p249). The sibling rivalry, past history versus present time and future, storytelling and gender relationships all cross both unique and universal boundaries. To illustrate, even in today's society there are sibling rivalry that pit brother against sister, brother against brother or sister against sister together to the point of bitter battle. In addition, there are still people in today's society that have difficulties in resolving painful past experiences with the present and future. In regards to gender relationships, there are still a lot of mysteries in the realm of love between two people. Bernice is the African-American way, staying true to her roots and not parting with the heritage. Although she finds this painful, she will not part with her heritage. Her heritage is “tangible in the presence of the piano itself” (Sparknotes, 2014). Therefore, even though the theme of this play surrounds itself around African-Americans, the situation can easily be applied to all races and time periods.

She looked just like that. And he put a picture of my daddy when he wasn't nothing but a little boy the way he remembered him." (44) The piano is a symbol of the family because it is literally covered with this history. Doaker states that Boy Charles "say it was the story of our whole family and as long as Sutter had it . . . he had us" (45) Under normal circumstances, a piano would not be something valuable enough to risk your life in order to steal. However, it is clear that Boy Charles viewed it as an important family heirloom, a symbol of their family history. By stealing the piano, he hopes to end the control that Sutter has over them.

He certainly identifies the piano with Ada. He strokes it and dusts it while naked, he tries to pry into its secrets like a lover. Ada even snaps the lid shut on his fingers when they stray into its recesses. It becomes the bargaining tool in their growing love affair and when she sends him her love note it is written on a piano key. At the end, the piano is considered a coffin and Ada throws it overboard of the Maori canoe, to get rid of her past. To start a new life.

As Avery says, she is carrying stones with her, letting the piano weight her down, keeping it as a grave reminder of her family?s history. If Berniece were able to touch the piano, she would be able to accept and overcome her fear and disgrace of the violent past, but she is not ready to do that.

The main conflict of the play is the 137 year old piano, which holds the key to the family history. A history which is physically represented in the piano itself both by the spirit believed to be held within and in the many sophisticated carvings.