Introduction :
Enterprise architecture refers to the plan of organizational and operational structure of a given entity (Bernard 2012). In enterprise architecture, the task of managing projects/programs usually involves many issues and especially the once that requires decisions. In a single day project/program managesr end up having made many decisions, most of which pertains to the fulfillment of the project/program objectives and organizational wellbeing. Among the decisions the project/program managesr deal with includes prominent and small, whereby the prominent decisions require deep thoughts, thus serious consideration of the critical issues may be deemed necessary, while in the latter cases project/program managesr barely need to
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Additionally, the lifecycle of the projects/program, which usually turn out to be long, creates room for cheating especially since any unusual actions on the implementation phases of the project/program would likely be unnoticed for long periods. These thus create the ethical issues that surround the management of projects/programs. There are numerous other ethical issues that face the project/program managesron a daily basis, and thus, there are ethical guidelines to help them in making the correct decisions. This paper looks into and discusses the various project/program managers ethics.
Difference between Program Manager and Project Manager :
A project refers to a temporary task that is characterized of limited time, resources and cost. Alternately, a program refers to a set of projects put together to come up with one specific task and objective (Kerzner 2011). As such, the difference between a project manager and a program manager lies in their roles. Whilst the program manager’s role pertains to overseeing the implementation of the various projects put together to form the larger program, a project manager mainly concentrates on the attainment of the objectives of the specific project they are responsible for.
Common Ethical Issues in Program/Project Management – Enterprise Architecture:
As stated above, there are numerous ethical issues that face the project/program managesr within the field of enterprise architecture.
Ethics, in business, refers to moral principles and standards that define acceptable behavior in the world of business. Ethical decisions foster trust among individuals and in business relationships. Recognizing ethical issues is important in the workplace. An ethical issue is an identifiable problem requiring a person or organization to choose from among several actions that may be evaluated as ethical or unethical. When you’re determining is a situation is ethical or not, there are three factors to take into consideration. Individual factors, organizational factors, and opportunity. Individual factors are sets of principles that describe what a person believes are the right way to behave. Organizational factors include the influence of managers, coworkers, and the work group. Opportunity is a set of conditions that punish unfavorable behavior or reward favorable behavior. “Target thrives on competing to win in the marketplace. We compete and negotiate actively, but always with integrity. Taking advantage of anyone by manipulating or concealing
Varying situational standards reflect the behaviors and actions of the parties involved. This topic relates directly to respect of anopther country 's customs and social standards. In relation to project management, a project manager should respect the situational standards of another country 's standard ethical behavior and adapt them to their personal ethics. It is in the best interest of the project manager to determine the proper ethical behavior that is required based on the parties involved in the project. This can be a difficult decision in most cases, especially when asked to do something that may be considered unethical in the United States, but ethical in another country. Reading about the varying social ethics and culture of another country may give valuable insight into how to respond to such situations, or respectfully communicating the situation with a manager or stakeholder to alleviate or prevent a possible unethical decision.
The company is geographically located in most major united states locations. It employs a hierarchal organizational design. One of the contributing factors to its success is the company’s success in providing a dining experience for its customers that excel in choices, price, customer service, and serving size. The company is known world-wide for its delicious cheesecakes with the key factor being the variety.
Ethics are values and principles that individuals use to govern his decisions and activities. Ethics are about moral judgment of an individual about right and wrong. In an organization, code of ethics refers to set of guiding principles and organizations use these principles in their policies, programs, and decisions for business. Within organizations, decisions are taken by groups or individuals and these decisions are influenced by the culture of the company. Decision making and relevance of ethics may also differ for nonprofit and for profit organizations. In contemporary business environment, organizations must have a clear ethical policy and implement it in proper manner. There are many social, legal and economic outcomes that company has to face in case of any ethical dilemma, so there must be a smart strategy to deal with ethical dilemmas. In this paper, we will address the ethics for nonprofit and profits organizations, ethical dilemmas being faced or faced by each of these companies and the outcomes of these ethical dilemmas. Critique of actions of each of these companies will be provided from the point of view of applicable philosophical theories of organizational ethics.
More advantages of having an enterprise architecture include improved decision making, improved adaptability to changing demands or market conditions, elimination of inefficient and redundant processes, optimization of the use of organizational assets, and minimization of employee turnover (Rouse, 2015). The cost-savings, business improvement, new customer segments and major new competitive strategies can bring significant return on investment (ROI) utilizing the enterprise architecture program. The strategic planning process which converts a business vision and strategy into an effective enterprise change is the goal of enterprise architecture program (McGovern, Ambler, Stevens, Linn, 2004).
Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. It is often closely related to program management (Wikipedia).
Abstract: Martha McCaskey has been consistently outperforming herself maintaining high levels of integrity in each project assignment. Currently, she was the project lead for a critical project entitled ‘Silicon 6’ which apart from having high significance for her personal career also had high significance from her company’s future perspective. The project required Martha to research upon manufacturing technologies and plant setup costs for a computer chip that the client’s competitor was planning to launch soon. Martha has been promised a promotion to group manager and the organization has been offered interest in assigning approximately 10 new projects. The project presents an ethical dilemma in front of Martha wherein she needs access
With a large project and lack of clear leadership, some ethical issues may arise in research studies. One concern my coworkers and I are currently dealing with is an intervention program that was supposed to be launched last year. Due to unforeseen circumstances, this intervention program has been delayed and is still an ongoing project. This problem raises ethical concerns on many levels.
Ethics are principals that practice in everyday life, helping individuals make a decision on what is right and wrong, and then doing the right thing. However, to find the answer, it is not always clear when researching for the solution, especially when company is trying to be known as a diverse environment. Most ethical dilemmas will required judgments depending on the circumstances. It is vital for managers to learned how to distinguished the morals when making the final decision because ultimately, if managers choose to do unethical. The results can affect several people that works within the organization, and company’s image to the society. With that said, corporation try to eliminate unethical behaviors that can affect
In this research paper we will be discussing The Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) FEAF is business driven and is the U.S. Federal Government’s answer to enterprise architecture that provides a framework for complex established systems to be able to share information technology across agencies. We will be discussing a case analysis that covers the five interrelated reference models that is used to bring commonality and consistent enterprise architecture for the improvement of the government agencies adopting FEAF. Like the other frameworks FEAF is an abstract view and are covered by the 5 FEAF reference models. These models are designed to facilitate communication, cooperation, and
Organization is a skill that comes very naturally to some. Things must be organized in order for me to perform well at work and at home. It is a waste of time and energy searching for something when you need it. There are times that nothing seems to be where it belongs and I feel like the house is in such a mess that it will just be easier to go to the store and replace the item that I am searching for. The problem in my life is with organization and clutter.
Incorporating ethics in our daily lives is essential, particularly in Project Management. Project Managers are considered to have one of the most difficult jobs due to its distinctiveness. They encounter problems, such as, working with individuals who would rather bend or break the rules, and fail to follow the policies and procedures to achieve outstanding results.
This essay will describe about ethics in project management which will provide us an overview of the aspects how the organizations develop the ethics in an organization and about the differences in the ethical decision making among various professionals in their given field. In order to understand various aspects of the chosen topic various literature have been examined including peer reviewed articles which have been carefully chosen. In today’s world all the professional fields have adopted the ethical code of conduct in one way or another but there are differences in the decision making because of variation in company culture and the ethical values of a project manager and the employees.
Management – Software engineering managers should advocate and adopt an ethical approach to their management.
The structure of an organisation is built in order to achieve the distinct tasks by the labour and coordination between teams to provide goods and services. Organisational structure is selected in order to have a basic work and consistency according to the situation. The most foremost factors in an organisation are skilled labours, mutual understanding among the fellows and direct control to frame a good result. A good structured organisation results in quality production, which can be taken into peoples consider through marketing. When an organisation tracks in a solid structure, management plans and tasks can be easily constructed and executed. In this essay, I have been explained about the concept of Mintzberg five