The Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

Our world has changed dramatically since the day Antoine van Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms in 1676 using a simple microscope. In early days, scientists first thought life arose from inanimate materials. This theory, known as abiogenesis or spontaneous generation, was disproved later on by scientists including Lazarro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur. The experiments conducted by these scientists showed that living things could only arise from preexisting life, or biogenesis. All life begins with a living cell, composing of five required components. These components are DNA, RNA, cell membrane, ribosome, and cytoplasm. As more investigations on bacteria were conducted, scientists were able to acquire a deeper knowledge of the microbiology and pathology of animals, plants, and humans.

Facility A and B were the only facilities that sprouted alfalfa seed in the state. Sprouts grown by facility A at the time of the outbreak came from two lots of seed: one from Idaho and one from Australia. At this point, the investigators became aware of a concurrent outbreak of E. coli infection in Virginia. CDC subtyped the strains from Virginia and identified the same PFGE pattern as in the Michigan outbreak.

While experimenting with the green beans, the seeds exposed to the organic plant food germinated within five days of the experiment and the seeds exposed to the chemical plant food germinated within six. The seeds that acted as the control had been expected to grow the least, however, it was surprising that they did not grow at all. Both the chemical and organic fertilizers proved to have positive results on the plants. It was also unexpected when the seeds exposed to the chemical plant food surpassed the height of the other experimental seeds after being shorter. The predicted reason for the increase in growth with seeds given Miracle Grow was because chemical fertilizers automatically store up the nutrients and disperse it constantly throughout

9. In the research done on the microbial community in the Rhizosphere using two methods, which are the Cultivation-dependent method and Cultivation-independent method. The research and studies done had good results, moreover, the physiological profiling was done in 5 days by the use of several carbon sources. The maximal growth was observed for the 30 degrees celsius- incubated plate by day 3, whereas comparable values were recorded for the room to the temperature-incubated plate by day 5.

In this paper, I will be explaining within the context of three case studies, how microorganisms can be distinguished from each other and how best to treat the particular pathogens that have caused the three diseases.

This paper explores the study of an unknown bacterial culture. The bacterium were randomly assigned in a double blinded fashion to alleviate scientific or experimental error in determining their gram stain, morphology, arrangement, and scientific classification. There were eight unknown bacterial cultures given, with the unknown bacterial culture being one of the eight bacterial cultures. A myriad of tests and experiments were performed on the unknown bacteria in order to be able to properly classify it. One of the first experiments that was performed was the gram stain. It was determined to be gram positive. The arrangement of the unknown bacteria was also noted on the gram positive slide. The slide showed grape like

Triggers production of other hormones, particularly ethylene and ABA, leading to leaf, abscission, abnormal growth, growth inhibition, and cell death

In the world today, nobody is safe. Whether it is from terrorist attacks, falling meteors or food outbreaks. Recently, there have been food produce outbreaks related to raw sprouts, especially alfalfa sprouts. These outbreaks have been related mostly to the pathogens Escherichia Coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella. Some symptoms related to these pathogens include diarrhea, cramps, stomach pain, and potential fever. These symptoms alone make people want to be extra careful when picking out their produce at the supermarket. The hardest part of these outbreaks are that people are dealing with raw spouts. Raw sprouts can be a great carrier of these pathogens, and there are no one way to get rid of every single pathogen exactly (Winthrop et al., 2002). These outbreaks can be from poor cleaning practices, imports of produce from other countries, or buying from larger food chains.

The purpose of this lab was to observe the locations of bacteria growing in our school. I hypothesized that there would be more bacteria growing in areas with more exposure to students. My hypothesis was refuted. By the end of the growing period, the quadrant with the swab from the arm of the union bench had one colony, the quadrant with the swab from the girls’ locker room floor had 225 colonies, the quadrant with the swab from a soap dispenser had no colonies, and the quadrant with the swab from inside a toilet bowl had six colonies. This means that exposure to students was not the factor in determining the amount of bacterial growth, because the arm of the union bench has more exposure to students than the inside of a toilet bowl, and because

The topic of the article I chose is “ Sea grasses boost ecosystems health by fighting bad bacteria”. This article talks about the discovery made by some researchers on Feb 16, during a news conference at the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This might make the entire ecosystem healthier. The amazing discovery is about the capacity under Water Sea grasses have on the ocean environment, and not only that, but to humans. It is stated by researchers that underwater sea grass plants might lower levels of harmful bacteria in the ocean. Which help improve water quality but also benefits humans. Having clean water in our ocean away from harmful bacteria,

This experiment is about bacterial growth. We will demonstrate a bacterial growth curve using a closed system. Bacterial growth usually takes up to 12-24 hours to get an accurate result so we will be monitoring this growth between two classes. We also used different methods to determine bacterial growth as well as a few different calculations. One way of receiving data is by using a spectrophotometer where we will record the absorption at a given time to create the bacterial growth curve. We also used the plate count method after performing a serial dilution to calculate the actual cell density at different times given. By using this method we can count the population number of the same given and see the maximum cell density

The very first time, Zopf was described the genus Rhodococcus in 1981 and then redefined in 1977 to accommodate a number of strains that resembled but did not belong to the genera Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium and Nocardia.1, 2 Thereafter, considerable changes were made to the classification of the genus. Some species have been combined, some reclassified in new genera and new species have also been described.1 at present there are over 40 species classified under the genus Rhodococcus.3-4

Accurate evaluation of bacterial colonization as a predictive index for alfalfa sprouts has relied on a quantitative culture technique that provides exact colony counts per gram of tissue by culture of five serial dilutions of the alfalfa water. In this study 1 package of alfalfa sprouts were cultured by a semi-quantitative technique that enumerated the number of gram-negative enteric organism in 1 ml of alfalfa water. Exact colony counts from the experiment were available only from cultures 10-2 and 10-3 CFUs. Other colony counts were reported as less than 10-3 or greater than

In late October our class explored the Los Penasquitos Trail in Sorrento Valley and collected samples of the area’s vegetation, water sources and soil. We hiked early in the morning on a dry, dirt trail surrounded by drought resistant landscaping. The soil samples for this experiment were collected from the descending end of a hill leading down to the Wagon Creek Bridge. It was our assumption that this area would have more microorganisms because of the increased foot traffic. The purpose of this report is to discuss the bacteria we discovered in our soil sample.

Six experiments were carried in this report concerning the effect that different environmental factors have on microbial growth. The results were recorded into tables where (+) symbolises growth and (–) symbolises no growth.