The Plate Tectonics Of New Zealand

Be sure to consider topography/bathymetry as well as the earthquake and volcano layers. List several ways and be specific. 3pts In the middle between the two Without the plate boundary feature, you would still see the change in depth where the mountains are, still feel earthquakes, and see volcanic eruptions. Adapted from an activity by Laurel Goodell February 2013

Although there are other volcanic events that don’t prove that the tectonic theory is valid. For example The "Ring of Fire" is an arc stretching from New Zealand, along the eastern edge of Asia, north across the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, and south along the coast of North and South America. The Ring of Fire is composed over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. This huge ring of volcanic and seismic (earthquake) activity was noticed and described before the invention of the theory of plate tectonics theory. Also without movement at the boundaries around the Pacific, volcanoes such as Mt St Helens would simply not exist, as they would have no fuel caused by the subduction of an oceanic plate under a continental plate.

But there are some anomalies as there are earthquakes which don’t take place on a plate boundary and it’s the same with volcanoes. An example of this is Hawaii. Hawaii is a volcanic island which is found in the middle of a tectonic plate. Hawaii is an example of a hotspot. The places known as hotspots are volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the mantle elsewhere. They may be on, near to, or far from tectonic plate boundaries. There are two hypotheses to explain them. One suggests that they are due to hot mantle plumes that rise from the core-mantle boundary. The other hypothesis postulates that it is not high

In conclusion the recent conception and development of plate tectonic theory has greatly aided our understanding of the distribution of seismic events. We now understand that there is a correlation between earthquakes/volcanoes locations and their proximity to a plate boundary plates are continually moving and earthquakes and volcanoes are found along these boundaries. Exceptions to this rule such as Hawaii also help prove tectonic theory due to their unique creation. Whilst this has helped our understanding we also recognise the fact those in LEDCs with poor access to education are unaware of plate tectonic theory so they cannot understand the hazards that some countries face, nor have the means to mitigate against them thus worsening the

The gravitational stress on the volcano flanks develops large-scale on-shore and off-shore sliding, related to the activity of the rift zones. The M=7.2 earthquake at Kilauea on 1975 was probably related to strain accumulated throughout the south flank from dikes intruded in the rift zone (Swanson et al., 1976). However, the earthquake itself resulted from abrupt southward movement of the south flank across the underlying oceanic crust, activating the Hilina-Pali fault system. Such faulting not only provides a means for the flanks to adjust continuously to intrusions, but also generates the stress patterns needed to constrain future dikes to propagate along the rift axis. Therefore, rift intrusion and lateral spreading are major contributors

Plate Tectonics is a scientific theory which study how the Earth’s plates are driven and shaped by geological forces to keep them in constant movement. The theory explains the present-day tectonic behavior of the Earth, particularly the global distribution of mountain building, earthquake activity, and volcanism in a series of linear belt. (Pitman, W.C., 2007)

The three faults being considered are thought to have influenced the character of some 120,000 square miles. The Big Pine, Garlock, and San Andreas faults are all mutually active, deep, long, and steep and noted as being conjugate shears. In concert, the faults have defined a primary strain pattern of relative east-west extension and north-south shortening of the area of 120,000 square miles. The large region is noted for its deformity, with the source of this being a northeast-southwest counterclockwise compressive couple. The compressive couple was potentially supported through drag as a result of the deep-seated movement of rock material from the Pacific region (Hill & Dibblee, 1953). The interaction of the faults in the San Andreas region since the Jurassic period have served to shape and contour the present geology of the land, while a study of the paleontology of the region likewise requires such knowledge to effectively determine conditions at any given point in time.

Plate tectonics are very dangerous when they collide,slide,and move apart. They can create mountains like the Appalachian Mountains that used to tower over everything then erosion took place. The Appalachian Mountains were formed by convergent boundaries, convergent boundaries are collide

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that attempts to explain the movements of the Earth's lithosphere that have formed the landscape features we see across the globe today” (Briney). Geology defines “plate” as a large slab of solid rock, and “tectonics” is part of the Greek root word for “to build.” Together the words define how the Earth’s surface is built up of moving plates. The theory of plate tectonics dictates that individual plates, broken down into large and small sections of rock, form Earth’s lithosphere. These fragmented bodies of rock move along each other atop the Earth’s liquid lower mantle to create the plate boundaries that have shaped Earth’s landscape. Plate tectonics originated from meteorologist Alfred Wegener’s theory, developed in the early 20th century. In 1912, he realized that the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa appeared to piece together like a jigsaw puzzle. He further examined the globe and deduced that all of Earth’s continents could somehow be assembled together and proposed the idea that the continents had once been linked in a single supercontinent called Pangaea. To explain today’s position of the continents, Wegener theorized that they began to drift apart approximately 300 million years ago. This theory

of the effects of plate tectonics acting over geologic time. The story begins with the

The earth’s crust is made out of plate tectonics. Each plate has a defined boundary and direction it moves. The plates in Earth’s crust perform two actions; they submerge under each other or they spread out. The Pacific Plate is the largest plate and it borders around many plates. The Pacific Plate moves northwest. New crust is formed from magma outpours, which are a result of the zones spreading. The tectonic plates created the islands. When the tectonic plates move, it creates the change in geography. Active volcanoes together shape the way islands are build. The magma from the volcano and the deposits from the plate are needed to create

During the early to middle Palaeozoic, the northwest orientation was the main deformation features in Australia and Northern Carnarvon Basin. In Northern Carnarvon Basin, several sub-basins and Plateaus are separated by northwest oriented faults and basement highs. Cape Range Fracture Zone (CRFZ) separates the west side of Exmouth Plateau, the Long Island Fault System separates the southern boundary of Barrow Sub-Basin and Sultan Nose uplift separates the Barrow from Dumpier Sub-Basin (DAIM, 1998). During middle Palaeozoic, basin started extending to northeast direction and deformation and structures orientation shifted from the Northwest to the Northeast trend. These northeast structural features were inherited to the deformation pattern throughout Mesozoic. Intermittent rifting of Australia

New Zealand has culture that has been there years ago. Recently there has been a new group of people that has changed not only the government, but have limited the natives to land. They also have killed these people off from the disease that they brought as well. Today the Maori or the native group had less than ten percent of the population. Agriculture was the base economic activity New Zealand. Today they are a major agricultural trade center and have some manufacturing. Australia has a lot of similarity with New Zealand, for example the main sports that they play are rugby and cricket . The country of New Zealand is special and has a difference that makes it stand out, which is the fact of it having more environmental problems that political. New Zealand 's five themes of geography and its problems make up how strong this country actually is. The 5 themes of this country play a role in the makeup of this strong country.

Scientist are struggling to come up with a widely accepted model that will explain the role of non-vertical strike-slip fault segments, crustal movement and deformation within Pacific –North American plate boundary. Multiple methods of analysis are being used; some of which are described below.

It’s recognized as the second deadliest earthquake in New Zealand following the 7.8 Hawkes bay Earthquake (Kaiser et al, 2012). The earthquake was first thought to be an aftershock of the 7.1 Darfield earthquake of September 2010 at the eastern edge. This was an area that originally was of a low earthquake occurrence rate since prior to 2011 there was no knowledge of a fault’s existence thus catching the New Zealand citizens off-guard. The Christchurch earthquake resulted in 185 casualties affecting more than 300,000 people (Kaiser et al, 2012). The earthquake first made contact with in the South Islands, only 10 km away from the center of Christchurch. Ground motions were unusually large near Christchurch measuring 2.2 g and 1.7g at the epicenter, the point directly above