The Political Status Of A Land Or Continent?

According to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk “Authority, without any condition and reservation, belongs to the nation.” (Abinader). Nevertheless, many individuals around the world fail to understand the real meaning of a nation in the 21st century. According to the Oxford dictionary, a nation is a large body of people brought together by uniting factors which include descent, history, culture, or language. However, this definition has changed over time, especially due to onslaught of ethnic and minority conflicts in addition to economic sovereignty. As a result, more nations in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, Latin America and Europe are undergoing significant changes thus leading to the emergence of new nations. This issue has been discussed in Michael Goldfarb’s article What Is a Nation in the 21st Century? Through a comprehensive analysis of his article the real meaning of a nation in the 21st century is revealed.

Nationalism, a political or social philosophy in which the prosperity of a nation-state as an existence is considered supreme or more important than anything else. The primary duty and loyalty should be toward the nation-state. The love for one's country often reflected dominance and power as people were able to unite toward common good. Furthermore, republic governments were reestablished a result of Nationalism.

21.nation-state- A form of state in which it identifies itself by forms of culture and a sovereign territorial unit.

21.nation-state- A form of state in which it identifies itself by forms of culture and a sovereign territorial

The national government’s original purpose was not to govern the states, but instead to monitor them and provide them with protection. During this time period the nation was run under the principle of Dual Federalism. Which meant that both the national and state government had an equal amount of power. However, over time the national government gained a grand amount of power while the states lost power, turning the once proud self-governed “countries” into nationally governed states.

By the early 1990s, Soviet domination in Eastern Europe had ended. A number of individuals played a part in the collapse of the Soviet Union. Understanding the role that each played is an important part of understanding the process that changed European politics and geography.

relations with the West in the form of the Marshall plan nor the lack of

Throughout the 17th century through the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), it is worth noting that Europe superpower and international alliances had been shifting. The collapse of the USSR as a superpower marking the end of the Cold War is perhaps the most recent. However, from the 17th century all through the 20th century, it is important to note that the crises were economic, social, and political in nature.

The 20th century in Europe was filled with war and revolution along with political and economical change. The destruction caused by World War II remained prominent in eastern European countries even years after the war ended in 1945. For years the Soviet Union fought for communism while NATO did everything they could to prevent it. Although communism slowly released its grip on the eastern European countries in the late 20th century, western countries still looked down upon these ex-communistic states. After reading the memoir “Café Europa: Life After Communism.” by Slavenka Drakulic, one can infer that not only were the people of Eastern Europe a bit eager to assimilate and conform to Western culture but also there was a sense of dominance

89’ produced, with an astounding lack of violence, a transformation of structures of international and domestic politics and economics. The final outcome resulted quickly, with two empires collapsing, first in Eastern Europe, then following closely behind the Soviet Union. The disorder and downfall occurred so quickly and unexpectedly that the press could barely keep up. The reemergence of Europe as a united front that rejected authoritarian government and overseas colonialism showed the world the failure of

After World War II, Europe emerged as a continent torn between two very different political ideologies, Communism and Democracy. As the two major superpowers, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States, struggled to defend their respective governmental policies, the European Continent was caught in an intrinsic struggle to preserve the autonomy which had taken so long to achieve. During the Cold War, Eastern European nations struggled to achieve autonomy with the help of the West's dedication to break the Soviet sphere of influence. After the disintegration of the USSR, the struggle for autonomy among nations shifted from an intense, inward, nationalistic

State is commonly referred to either the present condition of a system or entity, or to a governed entity, such as a nation or a province. The state itself consists of the society, government as well as the people living there. Before the Second World War, State is often seen as the main actor in international Relations as it can declare states of wars, control most of the economic influence within the region and larger states often dominant the role of international relations within the region or even in the globe. However, after the Second World War, the impacts on state influence as an actor has become less important than before, regarding to this point, there is

Under Mikhail Gorbachev the Soviet Union underwent massive social, political and economic reform that drifted away from communist ideology and this ultimately lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union and failure of communism in Eastern Europe. This essay will focus on how the Perestroika reform and Glasnost policy programs as well as other external and internal pressures contributed to the failure of communism under Gorbachev. The aim of the Perestroika and Glasnost reforms was to restructure and strengthen the Soviet political and economic system and provide more freedom and democracy within the Soviet Union while strengthening Communism. However, these changes had achieved exactly what they aimed to prevent when they were first elaborated and led to the failure of communism and collapse of the Soviet Union. While focusing on the policies this essay will also focus on the major increase in nationalism that occurred in the Soviet Republics as a result of the Glasnost. External pressure from the western world was also a factor and the role that the United States and the Ronald Reagan administration played in the downfall of communism under Gorbachev will be examined. The essay will also discuss how the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the 1991 Coup d’état led to the failure of the policies and failure of communism.

A nation is said to exist when it could traced its origins through the state, in which it associate itself with, histories. Additionally, the cultural elites must be established and well-versed in writing and speaking the national language. There must also be a valid reason for its claim on a certain territory. It is only when these three requirements are fulfilled will the international community consider their claim for a nation (Hobsbawm, 1990: 37). Disagreements, however, tend to arise in the political community over the definition of a nation. This essay will try to list out the different approaches employed in defining a nation starting from a nation being a natural cultural entity to it being politically and

Sovereignty is a norm of the International system upon which the ‘society of states’ rests. Territorial sovereignty refers specifically to the power of the state ‘the territorial limits within which state authority may be exercised on an exclusive basis.’ This essay will explore the concept and development of sovereignty within the system of states. Firstly, it will identify the state system before the ‘Peace of Westphalia’ in 1648, then it will compare the ever changing forms of sovereignty since, and the reasons for change, which have established the modern form of sovereignty which exists today.