The Polygraph Theory

of the lie detector in criminal investigation. John Larson, a “college cop”, student of Vollmer, who built the first lie detector in the Berkeley department, later said that he felt the technique had

There are many instances in which the polygraph is proven to be at fault such as with Cleve Backster. He was a polygraph examiner and believed strongly in the polygraph and its results. Backster one day decided to attach a houseplant that was in his office to the machine. He then would light the plants leaf on fire to see if the polygraph would have a spike in action. To his surprise as he struck the match the polygraph jumped signifying a response (Eells). Instead of considering that the polygraph went off randomly Backster instead assumed the plant had feelings and could even read his mind. This discovery lead to many scientific research projects in which scientists were unable to replicate Backster’s results. Rather than dismiss the event and polygraph as unreliable Backster dedicated the rest of his life to proving his discovery. The polygraph has been drilled into the minds of people as credible that taking it out of the justice system

However, although this is useful for social interaction, it is a serious problem in other areas. Deception can be a problem when people actively deceive in job applications, giving evidence and in court. Being able to detect whether a person is lying or

Section 3. When there is conflict of testimony, each party will be subject to a polygraph test to establish a more likely chance of determining which party is telling the truth.

Polygraph- an electronic instrument Taft records physiological arousal from multiple channels, it is often used as a kid detector the signals are kicked oh by denies attached to different parts of the body. Rubber tubes are strapped around a suspects torso to measure breathing, blood pressure cuffs are wrapped around the upper arm do measure pulse rate abs electrodes ads places on fingertips to record sweat-gland activity or perspiration these signals are send by amplifies and can be seen usually it's to detect deception. But not full-proof sometimes truthful people fail the test and people who understand the test can fake the

In 1921 the first lie detector was built. It was used for police interrogations and investigations. It shows the amount of stress that a person releases

Also, due to the Brain scans being “70 to 90 per cent” accurate, this producing a defence for a defendant to argue that the scan in inaccurate, causing the process of scans to be a waste of time. As previously seen In R v Béland the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the results of a polygraph examination are not admissible as evidence. As the test had relied upon ones sweat and heart palpitations which delivered inaccurate results. This has also been seen to be the reason why polygraph examinations were excluded as evidence in the English Criminal justice system. Therefore

In the data-collection phase, the examiner will complete polygraph charts, the charts and questions will vary depending on different cases. The examiner then analyzes the collected data in the data analysis phase. The examinee then has the opportunity to explain or rationalize answers to different questions asked during the exam. Although some may criticize the polygraph tests, advances in technology, and science improves the polygraph exams. Multiple factors play a key role in the accuracy of a polygraph, including the experience of the examiner, the obediance of the examinee, and the way the exam is constructed. It is important to consider body language when interviewing examinees as well. This includes things that examinees may be saying, how they say it, and when they say it. One’s body does things that it cannot control, both inside and out, which plays an essential role in exams. When a polygraph test is administered perfectly, and appropriately the accuracy rate is above ninety percent. On the other hand, false positives on the polygraph exams may happen. A good examiner will try to identify, and get away from false positives. When Ruby has a false

Module 1 Assignment Introduction When determining whether or not an individual is being deceptive or truthful they demonstrate verbal and nonverbal markers. Pamela Meyer's Ted Talks “How to Spot a Liar” (2011) specifically explains these tactics. In our lecture presented by Murray Bartley (2015), he shows our class a video named “The Reid Interview Technique” to practice distinguishing between deception and truth. There were two cases presented in the video, the first being Mary Stanton. Mary Stanton is being accused of fondling the boy she babysits Brad Johnson, son of Marlene Johnson.

A false confession is when an innocent person is forced to admit to a crime they did not commit. False confessions were responsible for nearly a quarter of convictions reversed by DNA evidence. People are forced into false confessions by authorities, like police interrogators, who trick them into believing that it would be more beneficial if they confessed, regardless of their innocence. A major factor in false confessions is stress, those who are innocent actually feel less stress during an interrogation and they may drop their guard and not think about their words carefully.

This video follows former CIA agent Susan Carnicero in trying to explain some key points in spotting a lie. The main steps she said to follow or notice when trying to detect a lie are as follows: analyze vs speculate; manage your bias; recognize evasiveness; beware of aggression; differentiate between convince vs convey; and lastly, know the non-verbal cues. Throughout the video she goes more in depth into each of these steps. However, much of the ideas Carnicero gives may not be backed up by science. Much of her points are more geared towards speech formulation and gestures. For instance, she said that people who are lying tend to try and convince over convey. She described conveying and answer is short, such as yes or no. Convincing is when

Police testimonial deception is the use of false or misrepresenting statements or intentional omissions of fact by the police in writing or in speech, to further an arrest, or the seizure of evidence or a criminal prosecution (McDonald, 200). This is a way in which police officers use to get an individual arrested when there is not enough evidence to be proven guilty. There are many psychological tactics used by police officers when in a difficult situation. When police do certain things to trick system it makes it even harder for future officers. Later after the OJ Simpson case, commission found the police regularly using deceptive testimonies in pursuit of arrests and convictions. Officers would lie in court about how evidence was obtained to insure the conviction of one, while others would act as careful as possible because legal authority was not present and legal agencies are thought to be

Credibility- Now, I would like to consider myself an expert lie detector, but apparently binge-watching 12 seasons of Criminal Minds in 3 months does not give me those qualifications. So to better inform and assist you, my lovely audience, I did some research, mostly utilizing online materials.

Polygraph tests are simply not reliable enough to determine a person 's punishment that can be life changing. There are quite a few things that make a polygraph test tick and not all of them are as reliable as they may seem. There are a few different factors that come into play when someone is taking a lie detector test. “William M. Marston invented the first lie detector in 1917,” (Hammiett, 2016 p.1). His attentions were great, and he thought that it would be accurate and efficient with no problems. “However, in 1923, the D.C. Court of Appeals stated that there was not enough scientific evidence to support Matson’s lie detector machine,” (Hammiett, 2016 p.1). If there wasn’t enough evidence, then what makes us think that there is now? It is the same as it has always been and if the D.C. Court of Appeals says that there isn’t enough scientific evidence to support it, then we shouldn 't use something that is

The polygraph test is one of the most controversial criminal investigative techniques of all-time. From the initial years of the invention to today, there is not a consensus about the investigative tool. That is why there are many people for and against the administration of polygraph tests. Therefore, in order to develop a clear picture of the polygraph test the history of the test must be established. Although, there are many sources that have well documented concerns about the invention, the polygraph test is still around after almost 80 years.