The Poor In Sub-Saharan Africa

The effects of poverty have been around for hundreds of years; as it is apparent within third world countries like North Korea, Sudan, and Somalia. Third world countries are not the only ones that are affected due to poverty first world countries like Australia, The United States of America, and Canada also face poverty. The definition of poverty is very controversial as every country has a different poverty line, due to the finical status of the country. The most commonly used definition for poverty is someone that is lacking a significant amount of money from which they cannot pay for necessities, such as food and shelter. Which could lead to those in poverty becoming obese through having a heaving sugar based diet, buying packaged food, and having fast-food frequently due to how cheap it is. It could eventually lead to many gaining life threatening diseases, such as diabetes at different severities. Due to being in poverty many are unable to gain health insurance, and the proper care to reduce the impact that diabetes has on their day to day lives.

During the age of cross-cultural interactions, regions went through similar changes and continuities. These regions allowed consistent causes and effects to emerge and change their societies. These changes and continuities are evident in the regional societies located within Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas. In Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas from 600 to 1450 CE, opportunities for women changed, however religion and labor continued to influence society.

Today in Africa, many things have changed since the decades before us. Especially with dealing with West ignorance toward the sub-Saharan Africa. However, most of the conflict had dealt with geography, politics, religion and an economic perspective. Since, most of all of the options are extremely important. It had affected Africa culture. Not only is just Africa's culture important, but so is everyone else's. Which it made it clear, that something needed to be done. However, what is it that made these four specific explanations make such a disruption between the West and sub-Saharan Africa?

Nigeria, a country in West Africa, also called "the Giant of Africa", due to its large population and blooming economy. Nigeria has a population of over 186 million which made it the most populous country in Africa and the seventh in the world. The CIA reported on 2017 that Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world today (CIA, 2017). Nigeria has over 500 different ethnic groups, and the major once include the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; there are wide variety of culture and believe in Nigeria. The official spoken language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly equally between Christians and the Muslim. The Christian are predominately in the southern Nigeria and the Muslim predominant in the northern. A minority of the population practice religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities (PBS, 2007). Some traditionalist also exists, who worship the gods know as African traditional gods.

The struggle for better health care and healthy life in Nigeria is complicated, when given the country’s social determinants. These determinants are so convoluted that it is difficult to isolate any of one of them. For example, environmental factors such, as safe water, clean air and housing are realistic important, however, the prominence of good sanitation for better health is equally essential. Physical environment i.e. harmless water, unpolluted air, healthy environment, better housing, social communities and other infrastructures are all contributing factors to better health. Relevantly, employment and education are both important also. Reports show that people in employment are comparatively healthier than those without steady income, and particularly those who have more control over their working environments. As noted, income and social status are attributed to better health. Document reflects that the greater the gap between the rich and poor people, the more differences in their health and living condition. Holtz (2017) affirms that higher mortality and lower life expectancy is common among those in the lower grades of employment when compared to those in higher grades.

As a country, Ghana is the largest plantain product provider in the world. The country has a drastically declining poverty rate in addition to a growing middle class that will be addressed below (Figure 1). This significantly impacts the food demands, consumption, and malnutrition of the country as a whole as there are various demands dependent on the status and situations of the country’s residents. Ghana is currently the largest producer of the plantain in Western African and contributes to, “13.1% of the Agricultural Gross Domestic Product,” (“Rural Poverty in Ghana”). It is this crop that provides a majority of jobs for both men and women, however it is not consumed nearly as frequently as it was in the past.

    This article talks about poverty and how it has changed over time. In the article, there is a lot of statistics such as “Over the last 30 years, worldwide absolute poverty (has fallen sharply from about 40% to under 20% ),”  which would be very helpful when strengthening when doing the research paper. The following quote is “But in African countries the percentage has barely fallen.” This would help address my topic. Furthermore, this article addresses some of the causes and one of the main issues was how the government lead to poverty in Africa. Lastly, it address the progress that is made in Africa to reduce their poverty. This article is helpful to get a little background information on Africa’s poverty and what state they are in.

Africa is one of the first countries that come to mind when you think of global poverty. Many places in Africa can be found on the global poverty list, such as Malawi, Burundi, and Madagascar. “Malawi has GDP per capita of $226.50…Holding a population of 16 million while also being of the smallest...” (“Top 10 Poorest Countries in the World-2017 List” 2017) Malawi is considered to be the weakest nation, it suffers the most. From lacking a decent education to the standards of living conditions. Burundi on another hand has a “GDP per capita of $267.10… Aside from the estimated 300,000 civilian casualties resulting in a 67 percent, poverty rate, the violent political rivalries were also detrimental to Burundi’s agricultural development.” (“Top 10 Poorest Countries in the World-2017 List” 2017) With Burundi being the second on the list of ten countries listed, they are struggling because they are lacking consistent weather and sustainable land. Last but not least, Madagascar is the sixth on the list and has a “GDP per capita of $463.00”. (“Top 10 Poorest Countries in the World-2017 List” 2017) The ability to live on the island is basically nonexistent being as they lack many of the necessities needed to live. If the poorer people feel the support of the people around them they will start being able to help themselves.

The Ethiopia’s economy is predominantly based on agriculture which accounts for 41% of GDP as per 2010/11. About 29.6 percent of the population (as per 2010/2011) lives under the poverty line which is the minimum level of income or expenditure deemed necessary to achieve minimum requirements of life. Poverty in Ethiopia is more pronounced in rural areas as compared to the urban areas ( http://www.eiiff.com/economy/ethiopia/poverty.html accessed on 3 December 2017). 30.4 percent of the population in rural areas is poor whereas in urban areas it is 25.7 percent (MoFED, 2012).

The country that is chosen for comparison with United States of America‘s family policy is a country found in the continent of Africa. Located on the western region of Africa is the country named NIGERIA. This country is regarded in African as the most popular country in the continent of Africa and among the most popular countries in the world it takes the position of the eighth. On the other hand the United States is seen one of the countries sit among the top countries of the world is also known as the pioneer of the free world. Unlike Nigeria, the United States of America is already a developed country. The overall population of Nigeria is 186 million and these population is supposedly to grow to about 239 million by the year 2025 according to some researchers. Comparing the population in Nigeria to the population in the United States of America, it is twice the number of the population of Nigeria. According researchers, it is reported that this is due to the fertility rate in the country however the fertility rate has gradually deteriorated since the post- World War II baby boom. Looking into the data collected by researchers the population size of that of Nigeria is still higher than that of the United States. The fertility rate of Nigeria is at 5.07 though larger than that of U.S and with the type of economy of the country sinking into downturn, yet Nigerians are bringing more children in the world. The economy of Nigeria is not as rich as that of the United States.

It is important to know the nature of poverty in Ghana so as to better appreciate discourse on matters as far as alleviating poverty in Ghana is concerned.

Module #4 of the Global Economics necessitates an evaluation of global governments efforts in assuring developing countries obtain a fair and adequate share of the global trade (Poolen, 2013). To this, a response to the interventions of global governments and their need or desire to intercede in third world economics must be indicated. All of which must be derived from chapter #6 & #7 of Carbaugh’s discussion within the text to both support and extrapolate a conclusion (Poolen, 2013) (Carbaugh, 2011) . Developing nations’ problems, trade policy, export growth, or industrial policies should be addressed as topical discussion for this assignment.

The international trade of goods across the world accounts for approximately 60% of the world Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank, 2014). A great proportion of goods transactions occur every second. The primary question is whether international trade benefits a country as an entirety, and, if so, why would a country implement protective trade policies to restrict particular exports? To address this question, this essay aims to explore the impact of trade on various economic stakeholders, including consumers, producers, labour and government and, furthermore, will compare models and theories with reality to ascertain the true winner/ loser in the international trade market.

Poverty. This word probably elicits the images of starving children in Africa with gaunt stomachs, ribs jutting out like the panels of a window shutters, and dead pleading eyes that beg for help, your help. And as the commercials would let you know, for only pennies a day you could aid in saving these children, which of course is a very noble thing to do. However, how come this is the only thing that comes to some people’s minds when contemplating poverty. While I am not condemning the impoverished in Africa, stating that their needs are less than that of others, in fact, Africa holds some of the most impoverished countries in the word, such as Malawi, Burundi, and the Central African Republic (Dillinger, para. 9).

Over the course of the last decade, the world has witnessed the unprecedented changes in the patterns of international trade. First of all, the share of the United States and the European Union combined in the world trade has decreased