The Poor In Sub-Saharan Africa

During the age of cross-cultural interactions, regions went through similar changes and continuities. These regions allowed consistent causes and effects to emerge and change their societies. These changes and continuities are evident in the regional societies located within Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas. In Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas from 600 to 1450 CE, opportunities for women changed, however religion and labor continued to influence society.

Today in Africa, many things have changed since the decades before us. Especially with dealing with West ignorance toward the sub-Saharan Africa. However, most of the conflict had dealt with geography, politics, religion and an economic perspective. Since, most of all of the options are extremely important. It had affected Africa culture. Not only is just Africa's culture important, but so is everyone else's. Which it made it clear, that something needed to be done. However, what is it that made these four specific explanations make such a disruption between the West and sub-Saharan Africa?

Poverty is one of the society’s most difficult problems to overcome. Even in the United States has abject poverty in every city. On average, 40 to 50% of sub-Saharan Africans live below the poverty line. This is a higher proportion than in any other region except South Asia stated (World Bank, 1996a). The effects of poverty in Africa are poor education, diseases, and overpopulation.

The country that is chosen for comparison with United States of America‘s family policy is a country found in the continent of Africa. Located on the western region of Africa is the country named NIGERIA. This country is regarded in African as the most popular country in the continent of Africa and among the most popular countries in the world it takes the position of the eighth. On the other hand the United States is seen one of the countries sit among the top countries of the world is also known as the pioneer of the free world. Unlike Nigeria, the United States of America is already a developed country. The overall population of Nigeria is 186 million and these population is supposedly to grow to about 239 million by the year 2025 according to some researchers. Comparing the population in Nigeria to the population in the United States of America, it is twice the number of the population of Nigeria. According researchers, it is reported that this is due to the fertility rate in the country however the fertility rate has gradually deteriorated since the post- World War II baby boom. Looking into the data collected by researchers the population size of that of Nigeria is still higher than that of the United States. The fertility rate of Nigeria is at 5.07 though larger than that of U.S and with the type of economy of the country sinking into downturn, yet Nigerians are bringing more children in the world. The economy of Nigeria is not as rich as that of the United States.

The struggle for better health care and healthy life in Nigeria is complicated, when given the country’s social determinants. These determinants are so convoluted that it is difficult to isolate any of one of them. For example, environmental factors such, as safe water, clean air and housing are realistic important, however, the prominence of good sanitation for better health is equally essential. Physical environment i.e. harmless water, unpolluted air, healthy environment, better housing, social communities and other infrastructures are all contributing factors to better health. Relevantly, employment and education are both important also. Reports show that people in employment are comparatively healthier than those without steady income, and particularly those who have more control over their working environments. As noted, income and social status are attributed to better health. Document reflects that the greater the gap between the rich and poor people, the more differences in their health and living condition. Holtz (2017) affirms that higher mortality and lower life expectancy is common among those in the lower grades of employment when compared to those in higher grades.

The Ethiopia’s economy is predominantly based on agriculture which accounts for 41% of GDP as per 2010/11. About 29.6 percent of the population (as per 2010/2011) lives under the poverty line which is the minimum level of income or expenditure deemed necessary to achieve minimum requirements of life. Poverty in Ethiopia is more pronounced in rural areas as compared to the urban areas ( http://www.eiiff.com/economy/ethiopia/poverty.html accessed on 3 December 2017). 30.4 percent of the population in rural areas is poor whereas in urban areas it is 25.7 percent (MoFED, 2012).

As a country, Ghana is the largest plantain product provider in the world. The country has a drastically declining poverty rate in addition to a growing middle class that will be addressed below (Figure 1). This significantly impacts the food demands, consumption, and malnutrition of the country as a whole as there are various demands dependent on the status and situations of the country’s residents. Ghana is currently the largest producer of the plantain in Western African and contributes to, “13.1% of the Agricultural Gross Domestic Product,” (“Rural Poverty in Ghana”). It is this crop that provides a majority of jobs for both men and women, however it is not consumed nearly as frequently as it was in the past.

In today’s global economy, if we want economic growth and development in developing countries, improvements need to be made that provide opportunities for the well-being of the citizens. Economic growth and development has factors that include poverty and life expectancy rates. The various causes of poverty make a huge impact and it changes trends in many countries that effect the way people live. Even with certain changes that the government has made, numerous individuals and nations are still living in a state of poverty. Poverty is a significant issue to society that may be overlooked in certain countries because it is normalized, especially in developing countries, such as India, Africa, Haiti and more. The citizens of these countries may be living off of $2.00 or less to provide for themselves and their family. The level of poverty that increased and changed the lives of millions is the main cause of conflict in developing countries.

Most people heard the word “poverty in Africa.” It is an issue that many country, other countries, wanted to help out with Some charities every year to help the African countries that are in need. However, the amount of poverty in Africa rose 44% from 1994 to 2005, and the numbers keep rosing. Also, 32 of the 49 least-wealthy countries are in Africa. the questions are, why are many of Africa country are poor.

International trade is the exchange of goods, services and capital among different countries (Wild, & Han, 2014). International trade is significant as it accounts for a substantial part of the nation’s GDP; therefore, every state support it. However, international business can be beneficial to the consumers or the producer, but at the same time, disadvantageous. For instance, in the situations where the world prices are below the domestic prices, the consumers will get the same commodities at a reduced price. Again, customers will have a greater variety of the same products and services; hence, they will end up with the best commodities in the market.

Developing nations’ trade efforts are largely hampered by their reliance on primary products for export, such agricultural goods, raw materials, and fuels (Carbaugh, 2011). The few manufactured goods exported by developing nations are generally limited to labor intensive products, such as textiles and clothing, with little technology-driven production. In order to develop international trade, developing nations often must displace the lowest rung of goods and workers in the developed nations, who in turn seek import trade protection from their own governments. This becomes the issue of developed nations “helping their own poor versus helping the world’s poor”

According to U nited Nations Conference on Trade and Development(2004), international trade can play a positive and important role in reducing poverty in developing countires.Therefore, poverty alleviation has strong correlation with economic development and international trade.Even though other political, social and cultural problems arethe causes of poverty, it is believed that the various causes are so complicated that no simple soultion is universially applicable.Also, although there were many strategies and international aid for developing countries, the majority of countries thar were underdeveloped fifty years ago still remain poor. (Lee,2006) Thus,

The international trade of goods across the world accounts for approximately 60% of the world Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank, 2014). A great proportion of goods transactions occur every second. The primary question is whether international trade benefits a country as an entirety, and, if so, why would a country implement protective trade policies to restrict particular exports? To address this question, this essay aims to explore the impact of trade on various economic stakeholders, including consumers, producers, labour and government and, furthermore, will compare models and theories with reality to ascertain the true winner/ loser in the international trade market.

Government plays and integral role in ensuring that developing countries have a fair and sustainable share of the benefits of the international trade environment. There is a large contrast between a system operating in a free market type environment versus one with heavy government regulations and intervention. It is important to examine industrial policy, strategic trade policy, trade problems facing developing nations, import substitution and export-led growth.

Such tends to have the effect of increasing the ratio of the trade outcome. As a country’s growth in income rises the shift towards spending more and leaving more luxurious increases. The basic requirement and need like food, cloth and other manufacturing products which can offer importance for product differentiation, diversification and international trade.